Böcker, T., Finger, R. (2016). European Pesticide Tax Schemes in Comparison: An Analysis of Experiences and Developments. Sustainability 8(4), 378; doi: 10.3390/su8040378 >> Figure 1. Sold active substances (1000 t) in selected European countries Pesticide Sales [aei_fm_salpest] Reference: Eurostat (2016) Last update 16.07.2015 UNIT Tonnes of active ingredient 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Denmark #N/A 6.115 6.914 7.465 7.500 6.863 6.085 5.485 5.253 5.795 5.650 4.628 4.566 4.103 3.919 4.809 3.669 3.757 3.673 2.929 2.889 3.127 2.912 2.991 2.941 3.299 3.254 3.354 4.051 5285 5970 4205 Germany* 32.750 31.750 29.500 31.250 32.501 30.053 31.384 36.367 36.774 34.625 33.146 34.309 30.399 25.620 26.732 30.468 32.080 30.721 33.644 30.231 30.331 27.885 29.531 30.164 28.753 29.512 31.819 32.683 34.664 43856 45521 43751 France 76.958 80.904 93.394 87.190 94.460 98.021 99.697 92.966 99.167 100.379 97.701 103.434 84.709 91.953 89.515 84.007 97.889 109.792 107.753 120.501 94.694 99.635 82.448 74.524 76.099 78.265 71.612 77.255 61336 63830 66659 Netherlands #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A 19.665 21.002 21.632 18.088 18.172 19.146 18.835 17.307 15.920 11.702 11.111 10.924 9.847 10.399 10.721 10.196 9.655 7.987 8.073 7.868 9.071 9.309 9.410 10.740 10954 11348 10720 Sweden 4.400 4.757 4.910 4.233 4.333 3.660 5.585 2.409 2.865 2.423 2.344 1.837 1.511 1.464 1.961 1.224 1.529 1.608 1.629 1.698 1.652 1.738 1.711 2.049 942 1.527 1.707 2415 2367 2177 Norway** 1350 1340 1450 1410 1410 1410 1380 1200 1070 1000 1200 771 781 765 862 931 706 754 954 796 378 518 818 658 824 511 690 720 831 814 760 divided by 1000 Denmark 6,12 6,91 7,47 7,50 6,86 6,09 5,49 5,25 5,80 5,65 4,63 4,57 4,10 3,92 4,81 3,67 3,76 3,67 2,93 2,89 3,13 2,91 2,99 2,94 3,30 3,25 3,35 4,05 5,28 5,97 4,21 Germany* 32,75 31,75 29,50 31,25 32,50 30,05 31,38 36,37 36,77 34,63 33,15 34,31 30,40 25,62 26,73 30,47 32,08 30,72 33,64 30,23 30,33 27,89 29,53 30,16 28,75 29,51 31,82 32,68 34,66 43,86 45,52 43,75 France 76,96 80,90 93,39 87,19 94,46 98,02 99,70 92,97 99,17 100,38 97,70 103,43 84,71 91,95 89,52 84,01 97,89 109,79 107,75 120,50 94,69 99,64 82,45 74,52 76,10 78,27 71,61 77,26 61,34 63,83 66,66 Netherlands 19,67 21,00 21,63 18,09 18,17 19,15 18,84 17,31 15,92 11,70 11,11 10,92 9,85 10,40 10,72 10,20 9,66 7,99 8,07 7,87 9,07 9,31 9,41 10,74 10,95 11,35 10,72 Sweden 4,40 4,76 4,91 4,23 4,33 3,66 5,59 2,41 2,87 2,42 2,34 1,84 1,51 1,46 1,96 1,22 1,53 1,61 1,63 1,70 1,65 1,74 1,71 2,05 0,94 1,53 1,71 2,41 2,37 2,18 Norway** 1,35 1,34 1,45 1,41 1,41 1,41 1,38 1,20 1,07 1,00 1,20 0,77 0,78 0,77 0,86 0,93 0,71 0,75 0,95 0,80 0,38 0,52 0,82 0,66 0,82 0,51 0,69 0,72 0,83 0,81 0,76 *until 1990 former territory of the FRG **until 1990 estimated according to Spikkerud (2005) See Böcker, T., Finger, R. (2016). European Pesticide Tax Schemes in Comparison: An Analysis of Experiences and Developments. Sustainability 8(4), 378; doi: 10.3390/su8040378 for further details