Journal: Journal of Applied Physiology

Abbreviation

J Appl Physiol

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Journal Volumes

ISSN

8750-7587
1522-1601
0161-7567
1522-1601
0021-8987

Description

Filters

Reset filters

Search Results

Publications1 - 10 of 22
  • A new method for the noninvasive determination of abdominal muscle feedforward activity based on tissue velocity information from tissue Doppler imaging
    Item type: Journal Article
    Mannion, Anne Frances; Pulkovski, Natascha; Schenk, Peter; et al. (2008)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Morphological and functional properties of the conducting human airways investigated by in vivo computed tomography and in vitro MRI
    Item type: Journal Article
    Van de Moortele, Tristan; Wendt, Christine H.; Coletti, Filippo (2018)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
    The accurate representation of the human airway anatomy is crucial for understanding and modeling the structure-function relationship in both healthy and diseased lungs. The present knowledge in this area is based on morphometric studies of excised lung casts, partially complemented by in vivo studies in which computed tomography (CT) was used on a small number of subjects. In the present study, we analyzed CT scans of a cohort of healthy subjects and obtained comprehensive morphometric information down to the seventh generation of bronchial branching, including airway diameter, length, branching angle, and rotation angle. Although some of the geometric parameters (such as the child-to-parent branch diameter ratio) are found to be in line with accepted values, for others (such as the branch length-to-diameter ratio) our findings challenge the common assumptions. We also evaluated several metrics of self-similarity, including the fractal dimension of the airway tree. Additionally, we used phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain the volumetric flow field in the three-dimensional-printed airway model of one of the subjects during steady inhalation. This is used to relate structural and functional parameters and, in particular, to close the power-law relationship between branch flow rate and diameter. The diameter exponent is found to be significantly lower than in the usually assumed Poiseuille regime, which we attribute to the strong secondary (i.e., transverse) velocity component. The strength of the secondary velocity with respect to the axial component exceeds the levels found in idealized airway models and persists within the first seven generations.
  • Last Word on Viewpoint: Human skeletal muscle wasting in hypoxia: a matter of hypoxic dose?
    Item type: Other Journal Item
    D'Hulst, Gommaar; Deldicque, Louise (2017)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Distribution of normal human left ventricular myofiber stress at end diastole and end systole
    Item type: Journal Article
    Genet, M.; Lee, L.C.; Nguyen, R.; et al. (2014)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Is inspiratory muscle training a magic bullet to lower blood pressure?
    Item type: Other Journal Item
    Beltrami, Fernando Gabe (2020)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol
    Item type: Journal Article
    MoTrPAC Study Group; Jakicic, John M.; Ormond, Kelly; et al. (2024)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
    Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. MoTrPAC contains both a preclinical and human component. The details of the human studies component of MoTrPAC that include the design and methods are presented here. The human studies contain both an adult and pediatric component. In the adult component, sedentary participants are randomized to 12 wk of Control, Endurance Exercise Training, or Resistance Exercise Training with outcomes measures completed before and following the 12 wk. The adult component also includes recruitment of highly active endurance-trained or resistance-trained participants who only complete measures once. A similar design is used for the pediatric component; however, only endurance exercise is examined. Phenotyping measures include weight, body composition, vital signs, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, physical activity and diet, and other questionnaires. Participants also complete an acute rest period (adults only) or exercise session (adults, pediatrics) with collection of biospecimens (blood only for pediatrics) to allow for examination of the molecular responses. The design and methods of MoTrPAC may inform other studies. Moreover, MoTrPAC will provide a repository of data that can be used broadly across the scientific community.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) will be the first large trial to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity. By generating a compendium of the molecular responses to exercise, MoTrPAC will lay the foundation for a new era of biomedical research on Precision Exercise Medicine. Presented here is the design, protocols, and procedures for the MoTrPAC human studies.
  • Somatosensory feedback from the limbs exerts inhibitory influences on central neural drive during whole body endurance exercise
    Item type: Journal Article
    Amann, Markus; Proctor, Lester T.; Sebranek, Joshua J.; et al. (2008)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Case Studies in Physiology: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and inspiratory muscle training in a 59-year-old, 4 years after an extrapleural pneumonectomy
    Item type: Journal Article
    Mitchell, Reid A.; Apperley, Scott T.; Dhillon, Satvir S.; et al. (2021)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
    This case report characterizes the physiological responses to incremental cycling and determines the effects of 12 wk of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, and dyspnea in a physically active 59-yr-old female, 4 years after a left-sided extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). On separate days, a symptom-limited incremental exercise test and a constant work rate (CWR) test at 75% of peak work rate (WR) were completed, followed by 12 wk of IMT and another CWR test. IMT consisted of two sessions of 30 repetitions twice daily for 5 days per week. Physiological and perceptual variables were measured throughout each exercise test. The participant had a total lung capacity that was 43% predicted post-EPP. A rapid and shallow breathing pattern was adopted throughout exercise, and the ratio of minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output was elevated for a given work rate. Oxygen uptake was 71% predicted and WR was 88% predicted. Following IMT, maximal inspiratory pressure improved by 36% (−27.1 cmH2O) and endurance time by 31 s, with no observable changes in any submaximal or peak cardiorespiratory variables during exercise. The intensity and unpleasantness of dyspnea increased by 2 and 3 Borg 0–10 units, respectively, at the highest equivalent submaximal exercise time achieved on both tests. Despite having undergone a significant reduction in lung volume post-EPP, the participant achieved a relatively normal peak incremental WR, which may reflect a high level of physical conditioning. This case report also demonstrates that IMT can effectively increase respiratory muscle strength several years following EPP.
  • High intensity interval training evokes larger serum BDNF levels compared to intense continuous exercise
    Item type: Journal Article
    Saucedo Marquez, Cinthia M.; Vanaudenaerde, Bart; Troosters, Thierry; et al. (2015)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
  • Rat lungs show a biphasic formation of new alveoli during postnatal development
    Item type: Journal Article
    Tschanz, Stefan A.; Salm, Lilian A.; Roth-Kleiner, Matthias; et al. (2014)
    Journal of Applied Physiology
Publications1 - 10 of 22