Journal: Chemical Research in Toxicology

Abbreviation

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

Publisher

American Chemical Society

Journal Volumes

ISSN

0893-228X
1520-5010

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Publications 1 - 10 of 64
  • Chemical Research in Toxicology at 35: Recognizing the Impact of Professor Larry Marnett
    Item type: Other Journal Item
    Shuck, Sarah; Kalgutkar, Amit S.; Knutson, Charles G.; et al. (2022)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Chemical and Enzymatic Reductive Activation of Acylfulvene to Isomeric Cytotoxic Reactive Intermediates
    Item type: Journal Article
    Pietsch, Kathryn E.; Neels, James F.; Yu, Xiang; et al. (2011)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Protection Level and Reusability of a Modified Full-Face Snorkel Mask as Alternative Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Item type: Journal Article
    Schmitt, Jean; Jones, Lewis; Aeby, Elise A.; et al. (2021)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
    The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has drastically increased pressure on medical resources and highlighted the need for rapidly available, large-scale, and low-cost personal protective equipment (PPE). In this work, an alternative full-face mask is adapted from a modified snorkel mask to be used as PPE with two medical-grade filters and a 3D-printed adapter. Since the mask covers the eyes, mouth, and nose, it acts as a full-face shield, providing additional protection to healthcare workers. The SARS-CoV-2 has a size between 60 nm and 140 nm, and airborne viral particles can be carried by larger droplets with sizes up to several millimeters. The minimum filtration efficiency of mechanical and electrostatic filters is usually reached between 30 nm and 300 nm. The filtration efficiency of different medical filters is measured for particles below 300 nm to cover the size of the SARS-CoV-2 and small virus-laden droplets, and determine the minimum efficiency. The filtration performance of the adapted full-face mask is characterized using NaCl particles below 500 nm and different fitting scenarios to determine the minimum protection efficiency. The mask is compared to a commercial respirator and characterized according to the EN 149 standard, demonstrating that the protection fulfills the requirements for the FFP2 level (filtering face-piece 2, stopping at least 94% of airborne particles). The device shows a good resistance to several cycles of decontamination (autoclaving and ethanol immersion), is easy to be produced locally at low cost, and helps to address the shortage in FFP2 masks and face shields by providing adequate protection to healthcare workers against particles <500 nm in size. © 2020 American Chemical Society.
  • Bypass of Mutagenic O6-Carboxymethylguanine DNA Adducts by Human Y- and B-Family Polymerases
    Item type: Journal Article
    Räz, Michael H.; Dexter, Hannah R.; Millington, Christopher L.; et al. (2016)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Adverse Outcome Pathway-Driven Analysis of Liver Steatosis in Vitro: A Case Study with Cyproconazole
    Item type: Journal Article
    Luckert, Claudia; Braeuning, Albert; de Sousa, Georges; et al. (2018)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Improved Efficacy of Acylfulvene in Colon Cancer Cells When Combined with a Nuclear Excision Repair Inhibitor
    Item type: Journal Article
    van Midwoud, Paul M.; Sturla, Shana J. (2013)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Modulation of Cytotoxicity by Transcription -Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair Is Independent of the Requirement for Bioactivation of Acylfulvene
    Item type: Journal Article
    Otto, Claudia; Spivak, Graciela; Aloisi, Claudia M.N.; et al. (2017)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Green Toxicology: Connecting Green Chemistry and Modern Toxicology
    Item type: Journal Article
    Krebs, Johanna; McKeague, Maureen (2020)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
    A major thrust in the concept of green chemistry is to eliminate the production of hazardous materials. Thus, sustainable toxicity testing is required for its successful implementation. Here, we present the principles of green toxicology, a concept less well known than green chemistry, but indispensable for the sustainable development of chemical products. Green toxicology entails early testing through non-animal methods, such as novel in vitro and in silico technologies in toxicity prediction, to obtain benign products in benign processes with reduced exposure. The future of non-testing toxicity prediction entails both an improved creation, management, and use of big data to optimize chemical space coverage and an increased mechanistic and biological pathway understanding which can be integrated in prediction tools. This perspective provides an introduction to chemists and toxicologists to the combined idea of green toxicology, rather than providing a comprehensive overview. Specifically, we (1) provide a brief overview of recently emerging technologies, (2) highlight the importance of collaboration between researchers to implement and integrate green toxicology in the chemical industry, and (3) present challenges that come along with the emerging technologies and propose possibilities for their better application and wider use in the future.
  • Systems Toxicology II: A Special Issue
    Item type: Other Journal Item
    Hartung, Thomas; Kavlock, Robert; Sturla, Shana J. (2017)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
  • Enzymatic Acrolein Production System and Its Impact on Human Cells
    Item type: Journal Article
    Hurley, Katherine A.; Folz, Jacob; Zgraggen, Jasmin; et al. (2024)
    Chemical Research in Toxicology
    Acrolein is an environmental toxicant and is also generated by microbial metabolism in the intestinal tract. Aqueous acrolein rapidly dissipates from standard human cell culture media with nondetectable levels after 8 h, hindering cell-based studies to understand its biological impacts. Thus, we developed an extracellular acrolein biosynthesis system to continuously produce acrolein compatible with human cell culture conditions. The approach uses spermine as a precursor, amine oxidase found in fetal calf serum, and catalase to remove the hydrogen peroxide byproduct. We confirmed amine oxidase activity of calf serum using a colorimetric assay and further tested the requirement for catalase in the system to mitigate hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. We calibrated responses of human colon cells to this enzymatic acrolein production system by comparing transcriptional responses, DNA adduct formation and cytotoxicity responses to either this system or pure acrolein exposures in a human colon cell line. Several genes related to oxidative stress including HMOX1, and the colorectal cancer-related gene SEMA4A were upregulated similarly between the enzymatic acrolein production system or pure acrolein. The acrolein-DNA adduct gamma-OH-Acr-dG increased in a dose-dependent manner with spermine in the enzymatic acrolein production system, producing a maximum of 1065 adducts per 10(8) nucleosides when 400 mu M spermine was used. This biosynthetic production method provides a relevant model for controlled acrolein exposure in cultured human cells and overcomes current limitations due to its physical properties and limited availability.
Publications 1 - 10 of 64