Journal: Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung

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ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, IVT, Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Transportsysteme

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2004 - 201078
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Publications1 - 10 of 78
  • Accounting for route overlap in urban and suburban route choice decisions derived from GPS observations
    Item type: Conference Paper
    Axhausen, Kay W.; Schüssler, Nadine (2009)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
  • Economic appraisal of transport measures with a transport microsimulation
    Item type: Working Paper
    Nagel, Kai; Rieser, Marcel; Beuck, Ulrike; et al. (2007)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
  • Coevolving social and transportation networks
    Item type: Report
    Hackney, Jeremy Keith (2005)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    A component of work and non-work travel may be plausibly explained by the need for individuals to be co-present in order socially interact. Successful socializing requires maintaining and exploiting relationships, fulfilling obligations, and perhaps optimization of contacts. A social network is a way to map relationships and to quantify conduits of information, services, opportunity, and power. People must be able to navigate both their relationships and physical space in order to find other people and facilities which can provide the services they need. The result is that travel behavior and social structures affect each other. This research examines hypotheses of the interactions between social networks and trip generation. Models of social networks should be used by planners if their effects are significant and distinguishable from factors currently incorporated into transportation models. A multi-agent-based network evolution model is presented in which social visits are generated by a set of attraction parameters which include agent attributes, travel impedance, and descriptors of the actors’ position in the social network topology. The trips are constrained by the agent’s travel budget, and dynamic equilibrium is maintained by removing or weakening old links. The destination choice is thus a tradeoff between cost and the need for co-presence, marked by correlations between actors in the changing social network. The interactions are monitored using a statistical toolbox from social network analysis and placed in the context of findings from network science literature on network evolution, as well as from empirical work in sociology on real social networks. The behavior model used for social networking is described, and results from an ensemble run are presented. A sample case of a transportation “improvement” is also presented, to illustrate the way in which the social network adapts to changes in transportation costs that ease spatial searches.
  • Models of mode choice and mobility tool ownership beyond 2008 fuel prices
    Item type: Working Paper
    Weis, Claude; Axhausen, Kay W.; Schlich, Robert; et al. (2009)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
  • Neue Modellansätze der Verkehrsnachfragesimulation
    Item type: Report
    Axhausen, Kay W. (2006)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Der Aufsatz diskutiert den Stand der Kunst der Mikrosimulation der Verkehrsnachfrage anhand der Entscheidungen, die solche Modelle charakterisieren: Berechnung von Gleichgewichten, Auflösung der Nachfrage, Verfügbarkeit perfektem Wissens, optimierende Agenten, Freiheitsgrade der Zeitplanung und Abbildung der Kapazitätsrestriktionen. Forschungsthemen werden abschliessend identifiziert und priorisiert.
  • Location choice modeling for shopping and leisure activities with MATSim
    Item type: Working Paper
    Horni, Andreas; Scott, Darren M.; Balmer, Michael; et al. (2009)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    This paper presents validation results for the activity-based multi-agent transport simulation MATSim (http://www.matsim.org), where the main focus lies on the location choice module for shopping and leisure activities. Validation results are produced by simulating a 10% sample of the Swiss motorized individual traffic. For Switzerland detailed information about home, working and education locations together with the associated trip matrices are provided by the census. Naturally this level of detail is not available for shopping and leisure trips. In MATSim so far—to create feasible activity chains—location choice for these activities was done in a preprocessing step based on a simple nearest neighbor search, which clearly leads to a systematic underestimation of the traffic volume. In this paper a two-fold shopping and leisure location choice model is presented that produces substantially better results. First and foremost, the to-date exclusively time-based utility function for shopping activities is extended to take into account further determinants of shopping location choice, such as the store size and the stores density in a given neighborhood. In activity-based models, shopping location choice is influenced by leisure location choice, which means that a meaningful shopping location choice model requires a sound leisure location choice model. The long-term goal of MATSim is to model leisure location choice by utility maximization and by including models of social interaction. But these models are far from being productive in agent-based transportation models in general. Hence, we introduce hollow space-time prisms that are derived from empirical data. This approach is—to our knowledge—a novel extension of Hägerstrand’s time geography that by construction produces statistically correct leisure location choice and improves the simulation results in general. Furthermore, the potential of MATSim to also serve as a hypothesis testing tool—besides being a planning tool—is highlighted in this paper. It is shown that MATSim provides the possibility to test models, generated by utility maximizing approaches such as e. g., discrete choice models, in large scenarios, whereby use can be made of data (e. g., count data) that is potentially qualitatively distinct from the data that were used for estimating and validating the models in question in earlier stages.
  • Contacts in a shrunken world
    Item type: Working Paper
    Axhausen, Kay W.; Frei, Andreas (2008)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Based on a substantial new Swiss survey of personal networks, this paper analyses the impact of precisely-measured geographical distance on the frequency and market shares of different modes of interaction between the respondents and their contacts (face-to-face, phone, email and SMS texting). Geographical distance influences how people interact today, as it did in the past. The effort involved in the different modes of contact (face-to-face, phone, email and SMS) qualitatively matches the strength of the distance decay in the frequency of those interactions. The patterns of the market shares follow this differential distance decay. The frequency of face-to-face visits and their market shares fall quickest with distance. While email frequency is unaffected by distance, its market share rises fastest with it. The reverse is true for SMS messaging, which stays stable in terms of market share, while only slowly falling with distance in terms of frequency. The high starting frequency of phoning translates into growing market shares, even if its absolute frequency falls with distance.
  • Can dominance affect spatial choices?
    Item type: Working Paper
    Cascetta, Ennio; Pagliara, Francesca; Axhausen, Kay W. (2010)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Models adopted in the literature to represent spatial choices are generally rather elementary and result in the application of random utility theory to the choice among hundreds of alternatives. The attributes are usually related to spatial attractiveness and to generalised travel cost without any reference to perception/availability attributes. The objective of this paper is twofold: to use perception/availability variables named dominance variables for modelling spatial choices to have a better predictive model and to use dominance criteria as weights for the sampling probabilities to show how weighted sampling of alternatives provide parameters estimates “closer” to the full choice set.
  • Long distance travel in Europe today
    Item type: Working Paper
    Frei, Andreas; Kuhnimhof, Tobias; Axhausen, Kay W. (2009)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
  • A new approach to evaluate long term user reactions to changes in transport costs
    Item type: Working Paper
    Erath, Alexander; Axhausen, Kay W. (2009)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
Publications1 - 10 of 78