International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

Publisher

Elsevier

ISSN

2212-4209

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Publications 1 - 10 of 41

Social capital and community integration in post-disaster relocation settlements after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Indonesia
Daly, Patrick; Mahdi, Saiful; Mundir, Ibnu; et al. (2023)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
The permanent relocation of persons from areas threatened by environmental stress is widely seen within the international humanitarian sector as problematic due to negative social and economic impacts. However, relocation is increasingly seen as a likely, if unfortunate, response to climate change as rising sea-levels, changing ecological conditions, and increasingly intense disasters create powerful push factors. The more dramatic examples of environmental migration focus on long-distance movements, including crossing national borders, which raise issues about the importance of social capital for migrants trying to build community cohesion and integrate into different cultural contexts. However, it is likely that most relocation because of environment stress will occur at sub-national to very local geographic scales, similar to what happens after large-scale disasters, meaning that persons might be resettled within familiar cultural, linguistic, and religious contexts. In this paper we use qualitative data collected in 12 resettlement complexes built in Aceh, Indonesia for persons displaced by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami to analyze the importance of social capital for building cohesion within resettlement complexes and between resettlement complexes and host communities. We find that even though tsunami-affected persons were generally relocated less than 20 km from their pre-tsunami homes, there were clear social distinctions between resettled persons and host communities, which had practical impacts on integration, access to resources, and participation within local governance structures. We found shared cultural and religious traditions and social practices served as important sources of bonding capital within resettlement complexes. However, the same attributes were less effective as bridging capital between resettlement complexes and their host communities. These findings show that governments and NGOs need to be cautious about underestimating the negative social disruptions caused by short-distance relocation and the importance of bonding social capital for fostering stable and sustainable resettlement communities.
Drivers of transformative change in the Italian landslide risk policy
Scolobig, Anna; Linnerooth-Bayer, Joanne; Pelling, Mark (2014)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Lookahead strategies for planning of post-disaster emergency restoration of road networks
Sun, Li; Shawe-Taylor, John; Yang, Siyao; et al. (2025)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Post-disaster emergency restoration (ER) has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure systems (CISs). However, devising optimal ER plans immediately after real-world disasters is inherently challenging due to the vast state space of modern CISs. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a range of strategies to guide these campaigns, with a particular focus on road networks (RNs) under earthquake disasters. Initially, a set of heuristic-based, easy-to-interpret strategies has been developed. Building on prior research, this study investigates the integration of lookahead search, examining its potential to refine and adapt these heuristics to meet diverse optimization objectives of ER campaigns. To operationalize these strategies, a multi-agent-based model (MABM) is established, wherein each restoration group is modelled as an autonomous agent, guided by the proposed planning strategies. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by its implementation in a real-world RN under catastrophic earthquake scenarios. The impact of various strategies on the effectiveness of the ER campaign is examined and elucidated. Notably, the planning strategy that combines a newly developed, accessibility-based heuristic with lookahead proves effective in sequentially balancing the trade-off between the accessibility and criticality of collapsed bridges. Based on the case study result, this approach consistently fulfils diverse optimization objectives across a range of earthquake scenarios, establishing it as the benchmark planning strategy of the post-shock ER of RNs.
Exploring the limits of safety analysis in complex technological systems
Sornette, Didier; Maillart, T.; Kröger, W. (2013)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Multi-hazard and multi-risk decision-support tools as a part of participatory risk governance
Komendantova, Nadejda; Mrzyglocki, Roger; Mignan, Arnaud; et al. (2014)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
House and contents underinsurance: Insights from bushfire-prone Australia
Booth, Kate; Lucas, Chloe; Eriksen, Christine; et al. (2022)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
As the climate changes, the role of house and contents insurance in managing risks is receiving more attention. However, there is concern that significant levels of house and contents underinsurance are placing individuals and communities at undue risk. Based on data provided by a multi-modal project about experiences of insured and uninsured households in bushfire-prone Australia, Kate Booth, Chloe Lucas, CSS' Christine Eriksen, Eliza de Vet, Bruce Tranter, Shaun French, Travis Young, and Scott McKinnon identify underinsurance as a complex phenomenon that is variably co-constituted at different scales.
What defines the success of maps and additional information on a multi-hazard platform?
Dallo, Irina; Stauffacher, Michael; Marti, Michèle (2020)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Triggered by technical progress that has allowed for the combining of information about natural, anthropogenic and socionatural hazards, numerous multi-hazard platforms have been established over the last years. Despite their increasing use, surprisingly, little research has been conducted evaluating how the public perceives of the hazard information provided by these multi-hazard platforms. Because most of them use maps on the start page, we were especially interested in the different approaches towards presenting multiple hazards and towards compiling the contents of the hazard announcements attached to the maps. With an online conjoint choice experiment (N = 768, fully randomised design), we tested different start page designs and hazard announcements representing the diversity of elements used in multi-hazard platforms. The alternatives were randomly displayed as pairs to the participants (between-subjects design), asking them to first rate the alternatives separately and then to choose which of the two they preferred. Our main results are that the participants prefer a start page consisting of a single map with textual information about the current hazards below the map. In addition, they prefer hazard classifications with four or five hazard categories. Moreover, the participants appreciate the embedding of a sharing function in the hazard announcements. Finally, the participants prefer a combination of textual and pictured behavioural recommendations. To conclude, the results indicate that the design of information provided on multi-hazard platforms indeed affects the public's preferences. Therefore, in parallel to the continuous improvement of scientific-technical products, the communication and perception of these products should be systematically examined too.
From rigidity traps towards reparative disaster governance and management
Eriksen, Christine; Kirschner, Judith; Simon, Gregory L.; et al. (2025)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Despite widespread critique, the established notion of sequential disaster management phases (mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery) continues to inform a standard set of policies and practices that lock people into rigid cycles of decision-making and action. In this paper, we refer to these as “rigidity traps.” Although expressed in different ways, rigidity traps result in the overarching effect of maintaining the broader conditions that shape disasters and they, in turn, proliferate the consequent impact. Awareness of rigidity traps, and the resulting processes and outcomes, is critical to avoid such traps. However, alternative disaster governance and management approaches are also needed in order to move on from the status quo. To this end, we build on work by scholars to deploy ‘the reparative’ as an analytical lens. Specifically, a reparative approach seeks to account for the wider historical and systemic conditions that organize and structure the ways disasters unfold, the consequences they bear, and their uneven effects across different people and places. We use this framing as a foundation to expand upon what a reparative approach might look like when applied to disaster governance and management. We do so by identifying a range of rigidity traps, which is followed by suggestions for alternative reparative approaches, including perspectives on how to institutionalise such approaches. While each example is grounded in either a particular place or type of hazard, the collection has been chosen due to their simultaneous relevance to a broader range of people, places and hazards.
Rebuilding historic urban neighborhoods after disasters: Balancing disaster risk reduction and heritage conservation after the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal
Daly, Patrick; Ninglekhu, Sabin; Hollenbach, Pia; et al. (2023)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
The 2015 Nepal earthquakes devastated the Kathmandu Valley and exposed the challenges of conserving andrestoring architectural heritage in historic urban neighborhoods damaged by disasters, while also trying to rapidly rebuild houses, revitalize livelihoods, and reduce vulnerabilities to future hazards. In this paper we use quantitative and qualitative data to investigate how traditional housing was transformed during the post-earthquake reconstruction of four historic neighborhoods in the Kathmandu Valley. We assess how traditional housing stock in these neighborhoods was transformed by a combination of the direct impact of the earthquake; the enforcement of seismic-resistant modern building technology; the costs and logistics of rebuilding; and the priorities of local residents. Our findings indicate that the enforcement of seismic safety building codes and the expense of incorporating traditional architectural elements led to notable changes to the tangible cultural heritage of Kathmandu's historic urban neighborhoods, but likely also improved seismic safety.
A matter of speed: The impact of material choice in post-disaster reconstruction
Celentano, Giulia; Zea Escamilla, Edwin; Göswein, Verena; et al. (2019)
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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