Journal: Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung

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ETH Zürich, Institut für Verkehrsplanung, Transporttechnik, Strassen- und Eisenbahnbau

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2000 - 2009482010 - 201419
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Publications 1 - 10 of 67
  • Map-matching of GPS traces on high-resolution navigation networks using the Multiple Hypothesis Technique (MHT)
    Item type: Report
    Schüssler, Nadine; Axhausen, Kay W. (2009)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    In recent years, data from GPS-based surveys has become increasingly important since transport modellers benefit from more accurate and reliable information about times, geographic locations, and routes. At the same time, participants’ burden is reduced substantially if the GPS data collection does not involve time-consuming questions to derive additional information. However, without respondent provided information, extensive data processing is required to derive results that can be used for analysis and model estimation. Since the first GPS survey (Wagner, 1997), one of the key postprocessing steps is the map-matching, i.e. the association of the GPS points to the links of a network, in order to establish the routes travelled by the survey participants. The algorithm proposed in this paper is an adaptation of the algorithm proposed by Marchal et al. (2005). Like the algorithm by Marchal et al. (2005), it is designed to match large-scale GPS data sets on a high-resolution navigation network in an acceptable computation time. This paper describes the implementation of the algorithm after a short overview of the existing literature. Afterwards, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency for about 36,000 car trips from 2,434 persons living in and around Zurich, Switzerland, which are mapped on the Swiss Navteq network, a high resolution navigation network covering all regions of Switzerland and containing 408,636 nodes and 882,120 unidirectional links.
  • Pushing the limits
    Item type: Working Paper
    Charypar, David; Horni, Andreas; Axhausen, Kay W. (2010)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    This paper describes the concept of a versatile transport simulation framework to be used for the development of integrated transport simulation models. It is designed to improve modularization and thereby simplify the collaboration between scientists and engineers from different fields. Modularization is believed to be important due to the increasing complexity of the implementation task if models from different areas are to be integrated. In performance critical software projects this complexity is often further increased by the desire or the need for an implementation that can be run in parallel on multiple processors. Furthermore, developing an efficient parallel simulation is not trivial. In addition to the complexity of the modeling task as such one has to deal with communication delays and data availability issues. The idea of the presented framework is to handle this complexity by defining simple rules according to which user developed modules must act. These rules include certain minimum delays between the observation of a change in the system and the triggered reactions, limited vision, and limited traveling speed. To illustrate how the framework is to be used a simples modeling scenario is created and a possible implementation employing the framework is sketched. The example scenario consists of the integration of a pedestrian simulation with a load estimation module and a travel time estimator. Finally, an outlook on the next steps in the development of the framework is given.
  • Fundamental relationships specifying travel behaviour
    Item type: Working Paper
    Lleras, Germán C.; Simma, Anja; Ben-Akiva, Moshe E.; et al. (2002)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Policy makers worldwide trying to cope with the externalities of today’s transportation activities value practices from other countries, however the application of a policy is often argued on the basis of the particularities of travel in a certain place. Indeed it is still unclear to what extent the underlying relationships governing travel behavior vary across settings. Across countries comparisons are valued but are troublesome insofar as the data are difficult to compare, thus the study of different travel surveys to study travel behavior requires an approach that considers inconsistencies across surveys. Considering this requirement, this paper presents a structural equation modeling approach that describes various mobility indicators (mobility chances, mobility level, and mobility intensity) as a function of three latent variables (urbanization, wealth, and household structure) and one indicator variable (gender). After studying in detail an application of the model to the 1995 U.S. Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, we apply this model to the 1994 Upper Austria Transportation Survey, the 1996-98 Great Britain National Travel Survey, and the 1994 Swiss Mikrocensus. We conclude that, despite some differences, travel behavior described by the structural relationships is similar across the studied surveys.
  • Hinweise zum Erstellen von studentischen Berichten
    Item type: Working Paper
    Keller, Peter; Axhausen, Kay W. (2003)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    This style guide describes the recommended layout and structure for student dissertations and similar pieces of work by members of the group. It also discusses the requirements for the structure of reports and the design of tables, figures and overhead.
  • Continuous space representations of human activity spaces
    Item type: Working Paper
    Vaze, Vikrant S.; Schönfelder, Stefan; Axhausen, Kay W. (2005)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    The activity space concept is used to capture the structures of the observed locational choices of individual travellers. It represents the distribution of places visited over a period of time and measures the space which contains those places. Among other, the preferred continuous representation was the 95% confidence ellipse – a methodology originally applied to home range studies in habitat research.
    As this approach faces difficulties in terms of a realistic description of human space usage it is believed that activity spaces could be eventually better represented by other geometries. This paper deals with the further development of activity space concept and especially focussing on the minimisation of its area. Several geometries have been explored including ellipses, superellipses, bean curves and Cassini ovals.
  • Location decisions of firms
    Item type: Working Paper
    Bodenmann, Balz R.; Axhausen, Kay W. (2010)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Because of the interdependence between resident population (e.g. as customers or manpower) and economic activities (e.g. shops or services), firm location decisions play an important role in comprehensive land use models. However, due to a lack of data at the micro level permit-ting the estimation of discrete choice models, there is only little research on this topic. In this paper, data from the commercial registers of three Swiss cantons, St. Gallen, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, and Appenzell Innerrhoden, have been analysed. This dataset provides infor-mation on more than 50,000 companies during 1991 to 2006. Various variables such as local taxes, governmental business friendliness, and accessibilities have been tested in a Nested Logit (NL) model. The results show that distance, local taxes, and cantonal business devel-opment have a strong influence on firm location choice. Furthermore, significant differences between sectors can be identified. For instance, residents with graduate degrees have a sig- nificant and high impact on service industries.
  • Die Geschwindigkeiten im PW-Verkehr und die Leistungsfähigkeiten von Strassen über den Zeitraum 1950-2000
    Item type: Working Paper
    Erath, Alex; Fröhlich, Philipp (2004)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Ziel dieses Berichts ist es mittlere Geschwindigkeiten sowie Leistungsfähigkeiten und q-v- Funktionen von Strassen für die Jahre 1950-2000 anzugeben. Zunächst werden die Einflussgrössen auf Geschwindigkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit analysiert. In einem zweiten Teil wird die Entwicklung der mittleren Geschwindigkeit anhand von Untersuchungen in den Ländern USA, Deutschland und Schweiz ermittelt. Gleiches geschieht für die Leistungsfähigkeit und q-v-Funktionen. Zum Schluss werden diese Daten zusammen bewertet und ein Ansatz zur Entwicklung der Geschwindigkeiten und der Leistungsfähigkeit für verschiedene Strassentypen in der Schweiz angegeben.

    The goal of the present working paper is to find proper assumptions for mean velocity, capacity and capacity restraint function for roads between 1950 and 2000. At the beginning, the main variables that influence the speed and capacity are analysed. In the second part, the historical development of the mean speed is shown by means of research work conducted in the US, Germany and Switzerland. The same is done for the capacity and the capacity restraint function. At the end the derived information are compared and assumptions for the development of the speed and capacity of different road types in Switzerland are given.
  • Entwicklung des Forschungsdesign und der Erhebungsinstrumente für das Projekt Mobilitätsbiographien, Mobilitätswerkzeuge und soziale Netze
    Item type: Working Paper
    Ohnmacht, Timo; Axhausen, Kay W. (2005)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
    Seit dem 1.01.2005 beschäftigen sich Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter aus dem Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Transportsysteme (IVT) mit dem Thema des Mobilitätsverhaltens in dem Zusammenhang von sozialen Netzen, Mobilitätsbiographien und Verkehrswerkzeuge. Diese Trias, so meint die Forschungsgruppe, stellt neue Erklärungsdeterminanten für Art und Entwicklung von Verkehrsverhalten. Das Projekt fokussiert die ereignisorientierte Destinationswahl – u.a. vermittelt durch die sozialen Netze - und die sozial vermittelte intergenerationelle Prägkraft des nahen sozialen Umfelds – z.B. Familie - als Erklärungsansatz. Komplementär dazu wird der Forschungsschwerpunkt um das Verhältnis von I.u.K.-Technologien und Mobilitätsverhalten aus einem anderen Forschungsinteresse ergänzt. In der Feldphase des Projektes wurden insgesamt 23 Interviews erhoben, sie bestehen aus einem quantitativen und qualitativen Teil. Zusätzlich wurden aus einem inhaltlich komplementären Forschungsinteresse sieben Interviews hinzugefügt. Somit liegen 30 quantitative Datensätze und Transkripte vor. Dieser Text ist dem Forschungsdesign und der Genese der Erhebungsinstrumente gewidmet.
  • Auswertung und Konsolidierung von Marktforschungsdaten für Modellschätzungen
    Item type: Working Paper
    Axhausen, Kay W.; Youssefzadeh, Maria (2003)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
  • Estimation of car-sharing demand using an activity-based microsimulation approach
    Item type: Working Paper
    Ciari, Francesco; Schüssler, Nadine; Axhausen, Kay W. (2010)
    Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und Raumplanung
Publications 1 - 10 of 67