Journal: Safety Science

Abbreviation

Saf. sci.

Publisher

Elsevier

Journal Volumes

ISSN

0925-7535

Description

Filters

Reset filters

Search Results

Publications 1 - 10 of 24
  • The impact of controller support tools in enroute air traffic control on cognitive error modes
    Item type: Journal Article
    Corver, Sifra C.; Aneziris, Olga N. (2015)
    Safety Science
  • Safety science new scope
    Item type: Other Journal Item
    Boustras, Georgios; Grote, Gudela; Reniers, Genserik; et al. (2020)
    Safety Science
  • Using catastrophe theory to describe railway system safety and discuss system risk concept
    Item type: Journal Article
    Wang, Yangpeng; Weidmann, Ulrich; Wang, Huashen (2017)
    Safety Science
  • Fire evacuation supported by centralized and decentralized visual guidance systems
    Item type: Journal Article
    Zhao, Hantao; Schwabe, Amray; Schläfli, Fabian; et al. (2022)
    Safety Science
    In the event of fires and other hazards, visual guidance systems that support evacuation are critical for the safety of individuals. Current visual guidances for evacuations are typically non-adaptive signs in that they always indicate the same exit route independently of the hazard's location. Adaptive signage systems can facilitate wayfinding during evacuations by optimizing the route towards the exit based on the current emergency situation. In this paper, we demonstrate that participants that evacuate a virtual museum using adaptive signs are quicker, use shorter routes, suffer less damage caused by the fire, and report less distress compared to participants using non-adaptive signs. Furthermore, we develop both centralized and decentralized computational frameworks that are capable of calculating the optimal route towards the exit by considering the locations of the fire and automatically adapting the directions indicated by signs. The decentralized system can easily recover from the event of a sign malfunction because the optimal evacuation route is computed locally and communicated by individual signs. Although this approach requires more time to compute than the centralized system, the results of the simulations show that both frameworks need less than two seconds to converge, which is substantially faster than the theoretical worst case. Finally, we use an agent-based model to validate various fire evacuation scenarios with and without adaptive signs by demonstrating a large difference in the survival rate of agents between the two conditions.
  • Expert-derived recommendations for designing and facilitating tabletop crisis exercises: A Delphi study
    Item type: Journal Article
    Wallace, Keira; Bollfrass, Alexander; Cooper, Owen; et al. (2025)
    Safety Science
    Crises are destabilising, and crisis exercises are one of the core ways that organisations and governments prepare. Not all crisis exercises achieve their goals, and determining how to design them well is difficult to test experimentally. This study aims to identify the key goals of discussion-based crisis exercises, the features of exercises that are important for achieving the organisation's goals, and common mistakes. We used a three-round Delphi Method to harness the collective expertise of 16 researchers and professionals. In the first round, experts identified 40 different exercise features. After a further two rounds, consensus was achieved for 29 of the 40 exercise features. Overall, experts agreed on the critical importance of clear objectives, good facilitation, and quality debriefing. Experts also agreed that features such as fidelity and the explicit use of decision-making tools were not essential to achieving the aims of discussion-based exercises. There was disagreement amongst experts regarding how much say the sponsor should have, how actively involved facilitators should be, and how accountable responders should be held. Overall, these findings are beneficial for exercise designers in highlighting what features to prioritise when designing and delivering discussion-based exercises to best promote organisational learning.
  • CFD and EnKF coupling estimation of LNG leakage and dispersion
    Item type: Journal Article
    Wu, Jiansong; Cai, Jitao; Yuan, Shuaiqi; et al. (2021)
    Safety Science
    As a kind of clean fuel, increasing quantities of natural gas have been transported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) worldwide. The safety of LNG storage has gained the concerns from the public due to the potential severe consequences that may arise from LNG leakage. In this paper, a three-dimensional model with the combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is proposed to predict LNG vapor dispersion and estimate the strength of the LNG leakage source. The LNG vapor dispersion CFD model is validated by the experimental data with good feasibility, and is further demonstrated with the reasonable modeling of the characteristics of the LNG vapor dispersion in a typical receiving terminal. The effectiveness of the proposed CFD and EnKF coupling model is evaluated and validated by a twin experiment. The results of the twin experiment indicate that the proposed CFD and EnKF coupling model allows the integration of observation data into the CFD simulations to enhance the prediction accuracy of the LNG vapor spatial-temporal distribution and thereby realizing a reasonable estimation of the LNG leakage velocity under complex environments. This study can provide technical supports for safety control, loss prevention and emergency response in case of LNG leakage accidents.
  • Situative and product-specific factors influencing consumers’ risk perception of household cleaning products
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bearth, Angela; Siegrist, Michael (2019)
    Safety Science
  • Team mental models and their potential to improve teamwork and safety
    Item type: Journal Article
    Burtscher, Michael J.; Manser, Tanja (2012)
    Safety Science
  • Latency and geofence testing of wireless emergency alerts intended for the ShakeAlert® earthquake early warning system for the West Coast of the United States of America
    Item type: Journal Article
    McBride, Sara K.; Sumy, Danielle F.; Llenos, Andrea L.; et al. (2023)
    Safety Science
    ShakeAlert, the earthquake early warning (EEW) system for the West Coast of the United States, attempts to provides crucial warnings before strong shaking occurs. However, because the alerts are triggered only when an earthquake is already in progress, and the alert latencies and delivery times are platform dependent, the time between these warnings and the arrival of shaking is variable. The ShakeAlert system uses, among other public alerting platforms like a mobile phone operating system, smartphone apps, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency Integrated Public Alert & Warning System (IPAWS). IPAWS sends Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) informing people via their smartphones and other mobile devices about various events, such as natural hazards, child abductions, or public health information about COVID-19. However, little is known about the IPAWS delivery latencies. Given that people may have only a few seconds of notice after they receive an alert to take a protective action before they feel earthquake shaking, quantifying latencies is critical to understanding whether the IPAWS system is useful for EEW. In this study, we developed new methods to test the IPAWS distribution system's performance, both with devices in a controlled environment and as well as with a 2019 community-based feedback form, in Oakland and San Diego County, California, respectively. The controlled environment test used mobile phones (including smart and non-smart phones) and associated devices to determine alert receipt times; the community research form had participants self-report their receipt times. By triangulating the data between the controlled test environment and the community research, we determined the latency statistics as well as whether the geofence (the geographic area where the alert was intended to be sent) held broadly. We found that the latencies were similar between the two tests despite the large differences in population sizes. WEA messages were received within a median time frame of 6–12 s, and the geofence held with only a few exceptions. We use this latency to assess how the system would have performed in two large earthquakes, the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta and 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes, which both occurred near our WEA test locations. Our analysis revealed that had IPAWS been available during those earthquakes, particularly Loma Prieta, it would have provided crucial seconds of notice that damaging shaking was imminent in some locations relatively far from the epicenter. Further, we find affordable non-smart phones can receive WEAs as fast as smartphones. Finally, our new method can be used for latency and geospatial testing going forward for IPAWS and other similar alerting systems.
Publications 1 - 10 of 24