Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Abbreviation

JNeurosci

Publisher

Society for Neuroscience

Journal Volumes

ISSN

0270-6474
1529-2401

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Publications1 - 10 of 194
  • ErbB2 Signaling in Schwann Cells Is Mostly Dispensable for Maintenance of Myelinated Peripheral Nerves and Proliferation of Adult Schwann Cells after Injury
    Item type: Journal Article
    Atanasoski, Suzana; Scherer, Steven S.; Sirkowski, Erich; et al. (2006)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
  • The Architecture of Human Memory: Insights from Human Single-Neuron Recordings
    Item type: Journal Article
    Rutishauser, Ueli; Reddy, Leila; Mormann, Florian; et al. (2021)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
    Deciphering the mechanisms of human memory is a central goal of neuroscience, both from the point of view of the fundamental biology of memory and for its translational relevance. Here, we review some contributions that recordings from neurons in humans implanted with electrodes for clinical purposes have made toward this goal. Recordings from the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, reveal the existence of two classes of cells: those encoding highly selective and invariant representations of abstract concepts, and memory-selective cells whose activity is related to familiarity and episodic retrieval. Insights derived from observing these cells in behaving humans include that semantic representations are activated before episodic representations, that memory content and memory strength are segregated, and that the activity of both types of cells is related to subjective awareness as expected from a substrate for declarative memory. Visually selective cells can remain persistently active for several seconds, thereby revealing a cellular substrate for working memory in humans. An overarching insight is that the neural code of human memory is interpretable at the single-neuron level. Jointly, intracranial recording studies are starting to reveal aspects of the building blocks of human memory at the single-cell level. This work establishes a bridge to cellular-level work in animals on the one hand, and the extensive literature on noninvasive imaging in humans on the other hand. More broadly, this work is a step toward a detailed mechanistic understanding of human memory that is needed to develop therapies for human memory disorders.
  • Protein phosphatase 1-dependent bidirectional synaptic plasticity controls ischemic recovery in the adult brain
    Item type: Journal Article
    Hedou, Gael F.; Koshibu, Kyoko; Farinelli, Melissa; et al. (2008)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
    Protein kinases and phosphatases can alter the impact of excitotoxicity resulting from ischemia by concurrently modulating apoptotic/survival pathways. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), known to constrain neuronal signaling and synaptic strength (Mansuy et al., 1998; Morishita et al., 2001), critically regulates neuroprotective pathways in the adult brain. When PP1 is inhibited pharmacologically or genetically, recovery from oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)in vitro, or ischemiain vivois impaired. Furthermore,in vitro, inducing LTP shortly before OGD similarly impairs recovery, an effect that correlates with strong PP1 inhibition. Conversely, inducing LTD before OGD elicits full recovery by preserving PP1 activity, an effect that is abolished by PP1 inhibition. The mechanisms of action of PP1 appear to be coupled with several components of apoptotic pathways, in particular ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) whose activation is increased by PP1 inhibition bothin vitroandin vivo. Together, these results reveal that the mechanisms of recovery in the adult brain critically involve PP1, and highlight a novel physiological function for long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the control of brain damage and repair.
  • Early Alterations in Functional Connectivity and White Matter Structure in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloidosis
    Item type: Journal Article
    Grandjean, Joanes; Schroeter, Aileen; He, Pan; et al. (2014)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
  • Targeting axonal regeneration
    Item type: Review Article
    Montani, Laura; Petrinovic, Marija M. (2014)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
  • How Does Literacy Affect Speech Processing? Not by Enhancing Cortical Responses to Speech, But by Promoting Connectivity of Acoustic-Phonetic and Graphomotor Cortices
    Item type: Journal Article
    Hervais-Adelman, Alexis; Kumar, Uttam; Mishra, Ramesh K.; et al. (2022)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
    Previous research suggests that literacy, specifically learning alphabetic letter-to-phoneme mappings, modifies online speech processing and enhances brain responses, as indexed by the BOLD, to speech in auditory areas associated with phonological processing (Dehaene et al., 2010). However, alphabets are not the only orthographic systems in use in the world, and hundreds of millions of individuals speak languages that are not written using alphabets. In order to make claims that literacy per se has broad and general consequences for brain responses to speech, one must seek confirmatory evidence from nonalphabetic literacy. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal fMRI study in India probing the effect of literacy in Devanagari, an abubgida, on functional connectivity and cerebral responses to speech in 91 variously literate Hindi-speaking male and female human participants. Twenty-two completely illiterate participants underwent 6 months of reading and writing training. Devanagari literacy increases functional connectivity between acoustic-phonetic and graphomotor brain areas, but we find no evidence that literacy changes brain responses to speech, either in cross-sectional or longitudinal analyses. These findings shows that a dramatic reconfiguration of the neurofunctional substrates of online speech processing may not be a universal result of learning to read, and suggest that the influence of writing on speech processing should also be investigated.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is widely claimed that a consequence of being able to read is enhanced auditory processing of speech, reflected by increased cortical responses in areas associated with phonological processing. Here we find no relationship between literacy and the magnitude of brain response to speech stimuli in individuals who speak Hindi, which is written using a nonalphabetic script, Devanagari, an abugida. We propose that the exact nature of the script under examination must be considered before making sweeping claims about the consequences of literacy for the brain. Further, we find evidence that literacy enhances functional connectivity between auditory processing areas and graphomotor areas, suggesting a mechanism whereby learning to write might influence speech perception.
  • Pumilio Binds para mRNA and Requires Nanos and Brat to Regulate Sodium Current in Drosophila Motoneurons
    Item type: Journal Article
    Muraro, Nara I.; Weston, Andrew J.; Gerber, Andre P.; et al. (2008)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
  • Grasp Movement Decoding from Premotor and Parietal Cortex
    Item type: Journal Article
    Townsend, Benjamin R.; Subasi, Erk; Scherberger, Hansjörg (2011)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
    Despite recent advances in harnessing cortical motor-related activity to control computer cursors and robotic devices, the ability to decode and execute different grasping patterns remains a major obstacle. Here we demonstrate a simple Bayesian decoder for real-time classification of grip type and wrist orientation in macaque monkeys that uses higher-order planning signals from anterior intraparietal cortex (AIP) and ventral premotor cortex (area F5). Real-time decoding was based on multiunit signals, which had similar tuning properties to cells in previous single-unit recording studies. Maximum decoding accuracy for two grasp types (power and precision grip) and five wrist orientations was 63% (chance level, 10%). Analysis of decoder performance showed that grip type decoding was highly accurate (90.6%), with most errors occurring during orientation classification. In a subsequent off-line analysis, we found small but significant performance improvements (mean, 6.25 percentage points) when using an optimized spike-sorting method (superparamagnetic clustering). Furthermore, we observed significant differences in the contributions of F5 and AIP for grasp decoding, with F5 being better suited for classification of the grip type and AIP contributing more toward decoding of object orientation. However, optimum decoding performance was maximal when using neural activity simultaneously from both areas. Overall, these results highlight quantitative differences in the functional representation of grasp movements in AIP and F5 and represent a first step toward using these signals for developing functional neural interfaces for hand grasping.
  • Temporally Dissociable Contributions of Human Medial Prefrontal Subregions to Reward-Guided Learning
    Item type: Journal Article
    Hauser, Tobias U.; Hunt, Laurence T.; Iannaccone, Reto; et al. (2015)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
    In decision making, dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex show a sensitivity to key decision variables, such as reward prediction errors. It is unclear whether these signals reflect parallel processing of a common synchronous input to both regions, for example from mesocortical dopamine, or separate and consecutive stages in reward processing. These two perspectives make distinct predictions about the relative timing of feedback-related activity in each of these regions, a question we address here. To reconstruct the unique temporal contribution of dorsomedial (dmPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to simultaneously measured EEG activity in human subjects, we developed a novel trialwise fMRI-informed EEG analysis that allows dissociating correlated and overlapping sources. We show that vmPFC uniquely contributes a sustained activation profile shortly after outcome presentation, whereas dmPFC contributes a later and more peaked activation pattern. This temporal dissociation is expressed mainly in the alpha band for a vmPFC signal, which contrasts with a theta based dmPFC signal. Thus, our data show reward-related vmPFC and dmPFC responses have distinct time courses and unique spectral profiles, findings that support distinct functional roles in a reward-processing network.
  • Wide. Fast. Deep: Recent Advances in Multiphoton Microscopy of In Vivo Neuronal Activity
    Item type: Journal Article
    Lecoq, Jérôme; Orlova, Natalia; Grewe, Benjamin F. (2019)
    The Journal of Neuroscience
    Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has emerged as one of the most powerful and widespread technologies to monitor the activity of neuronal networks in awake, behaving animals over long periods of time. MPM development spanned across decades and crucially depended on the concurrent improvement of calcium indicators that report neuronal activity as well as surgical protocols, head fixation approaches, and innovations in optics and microscopy technology. Here we review the last decade of MPM development and highlight howin vivoimaging has matured and diversified, making it now possible to concurrently monitor thousands of neurons across connected brain areas or, alternatively, small local networks with sampling rates in the kilohertz range. This review includes different laser scanning approaches, such as multibeam technologies as well as recent developments to image deeper into neuronal tissues using new, long-wavelength laser sources. As future development will critically depend on our ability to resolve and discriminate individual neuronal spikes, we will also describe a simple framework that allows performing quantitative comparisons between the reviewed MPM instruments. Finally, we provide our own opinion on how the most recent MPM developments can be leveraged at scale to enable the next generation of discoveries in brain function.
Publications1 - 10 of 194