Journal: IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

Abbreviation

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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IEEE

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ISSN

0093-3813
1939-9375

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Publications 1 - 10 of 28
  • Comparison of Arc Motion in Different Lifetime Sealed Vacuum Interrupters With RMF Contacts
    Item type: Journal Article
    Janssen, Henning; Hinrichsen, Volker; Taylor, Erik D.; et al. (2019)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
    Vacuum circuit breakers are well established in the distribution levels of the electrical power grids. To maximize the short-circuit interruption performance, an radial magnetic field (RMF)-contact design forces the arc from a fault current to rotate. The performance of the RMF-contact designs is usually evaluated in a model vacuum chamber with viewing ports that allows observing arc rotation with the help of high-speed cameras. These setups differ significantly from lifetime sealed vacuum bottles in geometry (and thus volume) and due to the fact that the main metallic vapor shield cannot be present. This, in turn, can affect the arc rotation behavior. In order to overcome these shortcomings, a new diagnostic tool has been developed to analyze the arcing behavior in standard lifetime sealed vacuum interrupters. Optical methods are not possible here, since the view is blocked by the opaque ceramics and the metallic vapor shield. For this reason, a Hall-sensor-based measuring system is applied, in which the variation in the magnetic field from the arc position is observed by multiple sensors. This paper presents the comparison of arc motion in lifetime sealed vacuum interrupters with different bottle geometries. For this purpose, investigations with identical spiral-shaped RMF contacts inside different vacuum bottle designs with differing vacuum volumes are performed. Also, for comparison, an interrupter with contrate cup contacts was investigated. Similarities and differences between the corresponding arc motion behaviors are discussed.
  • Transient Behaviour of Solid-State Modulators with Matrix Transformers
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bortis, Dominik; Biela, Jürgen; Kolar, Johann W. (2010)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
  • Experimental Validation of a Series Parallel Resonant Converter Model for a Solid State 115-kV Long Pulse Modulator
    Item type: Conference Paper
    Jaritz, Michael; Blume, Sebastian; Leuenberger, David; et al. (2015)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
    Medium and high beta cavities used in linear colliders or spallation sources are supplied by klystrons or inductive output tubes amplifiers. The cathode voltage for these amplifiers can be generated by long-pulse modulators generating highly accurate high voltage pulses in the length of milliseconds. With existing modulator topologies, all the demanding requirements like fast pulse rise time, high accuracy, and low voltage ripple hardly can be satisfied at the same time. Common designs like bouncer modulator topologies using pulse transformers become huge for long pulses. The series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC) avoids this drawback as the transformer is operated at high frequencies. In this paper, the comprehensive multidomain model of an SPRC including an electrical model of the inverter, a magnetic model, and an isolation design procedure of the transformer is verified with a prototype of a single module operated under full-load conditions. In addition, a comparison between the predicted parasitics like leakage inductance and stray capacitance of the transformer and the measured values are given. An evaluation of the isolation of the transformer, which is especially crucial for a series connection of the modules, is also performed. In addition, different possibilities to realize the desired series inductance are discussed.
  • Interleaving of a Soft-Switching Boost Converter Operated in Boundary Conduction Mode
    Item type: Journal Article
    Gerber, Dominic; Biela, Jürgen (2015)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
    This paper presents the interleaved operation of a soft-switching boost converter operated in boundary conduction mode. First, the operating principle of the converter as well as the basic concept of the interleaving is presented. Then, the dynamic behavior is modeled using the z-transform to obtain a converter model that is independent of the switching frequency. With the model, the stability of the closed-loop system with a proportional-integral (PI) controller is analyzed. It is shown that an adaptive PI controller can be easily implemented to achieve a minimal settling time over a wide operating range. Finally, the controller is validated with two converters with a 40-kW nominal output power and an output voltage of 3 kV. The tests at different output voltages under different load conditions show a stable interleaved operation.
  • Voltage-Current Characteristic of Free Burning Arcs in SF6 Alternative Gas Mixtures
    Item type: Journal Article
    Pietrzak, Paweł; Engelbrecht, Joseph T.; Simka, Philipp; et al. (2022)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
    Voltage-current characteristics of free burning arcs in SF6 and air have been known for decades. As the demand for an SF6-free solution is increasing, there is an accompanying need to determine arc parameters in the alternative gases. An unblown arc experiment has been established to determine the voltagecurrent characteristics of SF6 alternative gases, which have not yet been thoroughly studied. In this experiment free burning arc measurements were performed in a number of gases under consideration of SF6 alternatives, including CO2 and mixtures of CO2 /O2 with and without C4F7N or C5F10O additives at concentrations of up to 10 %. Measurements were also performed in air and SF6 for comparison. Arc voltage was measured in each gas at pressures ranging from 1 bar to 5 bar absolute, and electrode separations ranging from 20mm to 95 mm. Voltagecurrent characteristic measurements for air and SF6 show good agreement with previously published results. A linear relationship of the arc voltage to the arc length is shown, as well as fourth root dependence of the arc voltage on the gas pressure. It was shown that neither the O2 nor the fluorinated additives to CO2 have any significant influence on the voltage-current characteristic. The minimum arc voltage in all measured gases was slightly higher than in SF6, but the arc in SF6 was the least stable and had the highest elongations resulting in high voltage peaks. The arc voltage in air had a similar minimum value to the CO2 based gases, but the arc was much more stable, resulting in lower effective voltage, especially at low currents.
  • Active Gate Control for Current Balancing of Parallel-Connected IGBT Modules in Solid-State Modulators
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bortis, Dominik; Biela, Jürgen; Kolar, Johann W. (2008)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
  • High-Dynamic and High-Precise Optical Current Measurement System Based on the Faraday Effect
    Item type: Journal Article
    Gerber, Dominic; Biela, Jürgen (2015)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
    In this paper, a high-dynamic and high-precise optical current measurement system based on the Faraday effect is presented. First, the sensor concept is presented and different sensor constructions are analyzed. Then, a measurement system based on a rare-earth iron garnet film is investigated. The measurement system uses multiple signal processing channels to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the measurement range exceeds a rotation of 180° and therefore requires a counting mechanism to count the number of rotations. Finally, the precision of the presented system is analyzed. The precision is determined to be 4.9 ppm at a rotation range of 3300°.
  • Optimal Transformer Design for Ultraprecise Solid State Modulators
    Item type: Journal Article
    Blume, Sebastian; Biela, Jürgen (2013)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
  • Space Plasma Physics: A Review
    Item type: Review Article
    Tsurutani, Bruce T.; Zank, Gary P.; Sterken, Veerle Jasmin; et al. (2023)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
    Owing to the ever-present solar wind, our vast solar system is full of plasmas. The turbulent solar wind, together with sporadic solar eruptions, introduces various space plasma processes and phenomena in the solar atmosphere all the way to Earth’s ionosphere and atmosphere and outward to interact with the interstellar media to form the heliopause and termination shock. Remarkable progress has been made in space plasma physics in the last 65 years, mainly due to sophisticated in situ measurements of plasmas, plasma waves, neutral particles, energetic particles, and dust via space-borne satellite instrumentation. Additionally, high-technology ground-based instrumentation has led to new and greater knowledge of solar and auroral features. As a result, a new branch of space physics, i.e., space weather, has emerged since many of the space physics processes have a direct or indirect influence on humankind. After briefly reviewing the major space physics discoveries before rockets and satellites (Section I), we aim to review all our updated understanding on coronal holes, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections, which are central to space weather events at Earth (Section II), solar wind (Section III), storms and substorms (Section IV), magnetotail and substorms, emphasizing the role of the magnetotail in substorm dynamics (Section V), radiation belts/energetic magnetospheric particles (Section VI), structures and space weather dynamics in the ionosphere (Section VII), plasma waves, instabilities, and wave-particle interactions (Section VIII), long-period geomagnetic pulsations (Section IX), auroras (Section X), geomagnetically induced currents (GICs, Section XI), planetary magnetospheres and solar/stellar wind interactions with comets, moons and asteroids (Section XII), interplanetary discontinuities, shocks and waves (Section XIII), interplanetary dust (Section XIV), space dusty plasmas (Section XV), and solar energetic particles and shocks, including the heliospheric termination shock (Section XVI). This article is aimed to provide a panoramic view of space physics and space weather.
  • Design of an Ultraprecise 127-MW/3-μs Solid-State Modulator With Split-Core Transformer
    Item type: Journal Article
    Gerber, Dominic; Biela, Jürgen (2016)
    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Publications 1 - 10 of 28