Journal: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Abbreviation

Int.J. Behav. Med.

Publisher

Springer

Journal Volumes

ISSN

1070-5503
1532-7558

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2004 - 200912020 - 20232
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Publications 1 - 3 of 3
  • Dysfunctional Eating Behaviour and Leptin in Middle-Aged Women: Role of Menopause and a History of Anorexia Nervosa
    Item type: Journal Article
    Stojiljkovic-Drobnjak, Suzana; Fischer, Susanne; Arnold, Myrtha; et al. (2021)
    International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
    Background Weight gain is common as women approach mid-life. Reduced levels of leptin, an anorexigenic hormone, may facilitate this. Studies in middle-aged women with obesity have shown that dysfunctional eating behaviour, such as restrained eating, is linked to lower leptin. Furthermore, states of low oestradiol signalling, as are found in post-menopause or anorexia nervosa, have been found to impact leptin levels. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, how different aspects of dysfunctional eating, menopausal status, and a history of anorexia nervosa relate to leptin levels in normal-weight middle-aged women. Methods A total of N = 57 women were recruited. Thirty-one were post-menopausal, and 27 had a history of anorexia nervosa. Dysfunctional eating behaviour was measured by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, which contains three subscales: susceptibility/responsiveness to hunger, restraint, and disinhibition. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A fasting blood sample was obtained to determine leptin. Results Controlling for age, body mass index, and fat mass, susceptibility/responsiveness to hunger was positively associated with leptin (β = 0.267, p = 0.031), whereas restrained eating (β = − 0.183, p = 0.079) and a history of anorexia nervosa (β = − 0.221, p = 0.059) were, by trend, negatively associated with leptin. Neither disinhibited eating nor menopausal status was related to leptin. Conclusions Leptin may decline as a response to repeated states of a negative energy balance. A possible implication is that mid-life weight management should avoid extreme changes in eating behaviour and instead focus on the macronutrient composition of diet and physical activity. Further, longitudinal enquiries are warranted to investigate these relationships.
  • Differential heart rate reactivity and recovery after psychosocial stress (TSST) in healthy children, younger adults, and elderly adults
    Item type: Journal Article
    Kudielka, Brigitte M.; Buske-Kirschbaum, Angelika; Hellhammer, Dirk H.; et al. (2004)
    International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
  • Implementation of a Novel Medication Regimen Following Cardiac Rehabilitation: an Application of the Health Action Process Approach
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bierbauer, Walter; Bermudez, Tania; Bernardo, Artur; et al. (2023)
    International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
    Background: Medication adherence is an indispensable prerequisite for the long-term management of many chronic diseases. However, published literature suggests that non-adherence is widely prevalent. Health behavior change theories can help understand the underlying processes and allow the accumulation of knowledge in the field. The present study applied the health action process approach (HAPA) in an intensive longitudinal research design to investigate medication adherence in patients after discharge from inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Method: In total, n = 139 patients (84.9% male, Mage = 62.2 years) completed n = 2,699 daily diaries in the 22 days following discharge from inpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Patients’ intentions to take medication and predictors were assessed in daily end-of-day questionnaires. Adherence to medication was measured subjectively (self-report) and objectively. Multilevel modeling was applied to disentangle the between- and within-person level. Results: Higher levels of risk awareness and self-efficacy were positively associated with intentions to take medication at both levels of analysis. Contrary to theoretical assumptions, positive outcome expectations were not associated with intention, neither between- nor within-person. In contrast to published literature, patients showed very high medication adherence (95.2% self-report, 92.2% objectively). Conclusion: In line with the theoretical assumptions, the results showed that risk awareness and self-efficacy are promising modifiable factors that could be targeted to motivate patients to take medication as prescribed. Daily measurements revealed that patients took their medication as prescribed; thus, future studies should make every effort to recruit patients vulnerable to non-adherence to avoid ceiling effects.
Publications 1 - 3 of 3