Allergy

Journal: Allergy

Abbreviation

Allergy

Publisher

Wiley

ISSN

0105-4538
1398-9995

Show all metadata

Search Results

Publications 1 - 10 of 17

Tonsillar microbial diversity, abundance, and interrelations in atopic and non‐atopic individuals
Ivaska, Lotta E.; Hanif, Tanzeela; Ahmad, Freed; et al. (2020)
Allergy
Tight junction, mucin, and inflammasome-related molecules are differentially expressed in eosinophilic, mixed, and neutrophilic experimental asthma in mice
Tan, Hern-Tze Tina; Hagner, Stefanie; Ruchti, Fiorella; et al. (2019)
Allergy
Comparative analysis of the role of mast cells in murine asthma models using Kit-sufficient mast cell-deficient animals
Pohlmeier, Lea; Sonar, Sanchaita S.; Rodewald, Hans-Reimer; et al. (2021)
Allergy
Background Asthma is a frequent chronic disease that can potentially severely affect the respiratory capacity and well-being of patients. Mast cells (MCs) are regarded as major players in human asthma due to their capacity to release crucial inflammatory mediators following allergen exposure. However, unambiguous characterization of their role in animal models has long been hindered by the unavailability of specific MC-deficient models lacking confounding MC-unrelated effects. This study aims to examine the role of MCs in Kit-sufficient MC-deficient Cpa3Cre/+ mice. Methods We used a variety of models of acute and chronic asthma employing distinct routes and regimes of sensitization. These sensitizations were done via the peritoneal cavity, the skin, or the lung. Additionally, different allergens, i.e. ovalbumin and house dust mite extract, were used. Results Our results show that the absence of MCs had no impact on the severity of allergic airway inflammation in any of the tested mouse models, as measured by leukocyte infiltration in the airways, cytokine expression, antibody production, airway hyper-responsiveness and mucus production. Conclusion This indicates that MCs do not play a major role in murine allergic airway inflammation.
Environment‐dependent alterations of immune mediators in urban and rural south African children with atopic dermatitis
Lunjani, Nonhlanhla; Tan, Ge; Dreher, Anita; et al. (2021)
Allergy
Background In order to improve targeted therapeutic approaches for children with atopic dermatitis (AD), novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and environmental exposures that differentially contribute to disease phenotypes are required. We wished to identify AD immunological endotypes in South African children from rural and urban environments. Methods We measured immunological, socio-economic and environmental factors in healthy children (n = 74) and children with AD (n = 78), in rural and urban settings from the same ethno-linguistic AmaXhosa background in South Africa. Results Circulating eosinophils, monocytes, TARC, MCP-4, IL-16 and allergen-specific IgE levels were elevated, while IL-17A and IL-23 levels were reduced, in children with AD regardless of their location. Independent of AD, children living in a rural environment had the highest levels of TNFα, TNFβ, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MDC, sICAM1, sVCAM1, VEGFA, VEGFD and Tie2, suggesting a generalized microinflammation or a pattern of trained immunity without any specific TH polarization. In contrast, IL-15, IL-22, Flt1, PIGF and βFGF were highest in urban children. Rural healthy children had the lowest levels of food allergen-specific IgG4. Early life nutritional factors, medications, animal exposures, indoor environment, sunlight exposure, household size, household income and parental education levels were associated with differences in circulating cytokine levels. Conclusions This study highlights the immunological impact of environmental exposures and socio-economic status in the manifestation of immune endotypes in children with AD living in urban and rural areas, which are important in selecting appropriately matched immunological therapies for treatment of AD.
T regulatory cells from atopic asthmatic individuals show a Th2-like phenotype
Jansen, Kirstin; Satitsuksanoa, Pattraporn; Wirz, Oliver F.; et al. (2022)
Allergy
Clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics and risk factors for severity and mortality of 289 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Zhang, Jin-jin; Cao, Yi-yuan; Tan, Ge; et al. (2021)
Allergy
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global pandemic, with 10%‐20% of severe cases and over 508 000 deaths worldwide. Objective This study aims to address the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID‐19 patients and the mortality of severe patients. Methods 289 hospitalized laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 patients were included in this study. Electronic medical records, including patient demographics, clinical manifestation, comorbidities, laboratory tests results, and radiological materials, were collected and analyzed. According to the severity and outcomes of the patients, they were divided into three groups: nonsurvived (n = 49), survived severe (n = 78), and nonsevere (n = 162) groups. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were compared among these groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality and visualize the patients on a low‐dimensional space. Correlations between clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters were investigated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to determine the risk factors associated with mortality in severe patients. Longitudinal changes of laboratory findings of survived severe cases and nonsurvived cases during hospital stay were also collected. Results Of the 289 patients, the median age was 57 years (range, 22‐88) and 155 (53.4%) patients were male. As of the final follow‐up date of this study, 240 (83.0%) patients were discharged from the hospital and 49 (17.0%) patients died. Elder age, underlying comorbidities, and increased laboratory variables, such as leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D‐dimer, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on admission, were found in survived severe cases compared to nonsevere cases. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, elder age, a higher number of affected lobes, elevated CRP levels on admission, increased prevalence of chest tightness/dyspnea, and smoking history were independent risk factors for death of severe patients. A trajectory in PCA was observed from "nonsevere" toward "nonsurvived" via "severe and survived" patients. Strong correlations between the age of patients, the affected lobe numbers, and laboratory variables were identified. Dynamic changes of laboratory findings of survived severe cases and nonsurvived cases during hospital stay showed that continuing increase of leukocytes and neutrophil count, sustained lymphopenia and eosinopenia, progressing decrease in platelet count, as well as high levels of NLR, CRP, PCT, AST, BUN, and serum creatinine were associated with in‐hospital death. Conclusions Survived severe and nonsurvived COVID‐19 patients had distinct clinical and laboratory characteristics, which were separated by principle component analysis. Elder age, increased number of affected lobes, higher levels of serum CRP, chest tightness/dyspnea, and smoking history were risk factors for mortality of severe COVID‐19 patients. Longitudinal changes of laboratory findings may be helpful in predicting disease progression and clinical outcome of severe patients.© 2020 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Profound dysregulation of T cell homeostasis and function in patients with severe COVID-19
Adamo, Sarah; Chevrier, Stéphane; Cervia, Carlo; et al. (2021)
Allergy
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and shows a broad clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. A very prominent feature associated with severe COVID-19 is T cell lymphopenia. However, homeostatic and functional properties of T cells are ill-defined in COVID-19. Methods We prospectively enrolled individuals with mild and severe COVID-19 into our multicenter cohort and performed a cross-sectional analysis of phenotypic and functional characteristics of T cells using 40-parameter mass cytometry, flow cytometry, targeted proteomics, and functional assays. Results Compared with mild disease, we observed strong perturbations of peripheral T cell homeostasis and function in severe COVID-19. Individuals with severe COVID-19 showed T cell lymphopenia and redistribution of T cell populations, including loss of naïve T cells, skewing toward CD4+T follicular helper cells and cytotoxic CD4+ T cells, and expansion of activated and exhausted T cells. Extensive T cell apoptosis was particularly evident with severe disease and T cell lymphopenia, which in turn was accompanied by impaired T cell responses to several common viral antigens. Patients with severe disease showed elevated interleukin-7 and increased T cell proliferation. Furthermore, patients sampled at late time points after symptom onset had higher T cell counts and improved antiviral T cell responses. Conclusion Our study suggests that severe COVID-19 is characterized by extensive T cell dysfunction and T cell apoptosis, which is associated with signs of homeostatic T cell proliferation and T cell recovery.
Experimental rhinovirus infection induces an antiviral response in circulating B cells which is dysregulated in patients with asthma
Wirz, Oliver F.; Jansen, Kirstin; Satitsuksanoa, Pattraporn; et al. (2022)
Allergy
Background Rhinoviruses are the predominant cause of respiratory viral infections and are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. While humoral immunity plays an important role during virus infections, cellular aspects of this response are less well understood. Here, we investigated the antiviral response of circulating B cells upon experimental rhinovirus infection in healthy individuals and asthma patients. Methods We purified B cells from experimentally infected healthy individuals and patients with asthma and subjected them to total RNA-sequencing. Rhinovirus-derived RNA was measured in isolated B cells using a highly sensitive PCR. B cells were stimulated with rhinovirus in vitro to further study gene expression, expression of antiviral proteins and B-cell differentiation in response rhinovirus stimulation. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to rhinovirus was assessed using a proximity extension assay. Results B cells isolated from experimentally infected subjects exhibited an antiviral gene profile linked to IFN-alpha, carried viral RNA in vivo and were transiently infected by rhinovirus in vitro. B cells rapidly differentiated into plasmablasts upon rhinovirus stimulation. While B cells lacked expression of interferons in response to rhinovirus exposure, co-stimulation with rhinovirus and IFN-alpha upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression suggesting a potential new function of B cells during virus infections. Asthma patients showed extensive upregulation and dysregulation of antiviral gene expression. Conclusion These findings add to the understanding of systemic effects of rhinovirus infections on B-cell responses in the periphery, show potential dysregulation in patients with asthma and might also have implications during infection with other respiratory viruses.
The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii is associated with faecal butyrate levels and atopic dermatitis in infancy
Sasaki, Mari; Schwab, Clarissa; Ramirez Garcia, Alejandro; et al. (2022)
Allergy
Background Impaired microbial development and decreased levels of short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, is suggested to have a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods Faecal microbiota composition, abundance of selected bacterial groups and fermentation metabolites were compared at 90, 180 and 360 days of life between 27 children who developed AD by age one (AD group), and 39 controls (non-AD group) among the CARE (Childhood AlleRgy, nutrition and Environment) study cohort. Results Diversity within the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla in the faecal microbiota was lower in the AD group compared with the non-AD group. Longitudinal analysis showed multiple amplicon sequence variants (ASV) within the same bacterial family to be differentially abundant. Namely, Ruminococcus bromii, a keystone primary starch degrader, and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-utilizer, had lower abundance among the AD group. Children with AD were less likely to have high levels of faecal butyrate at 360 days compared with those without AD (11.5% vs 34.2%). At 360 days, children with high abundance of R. bromii had higher level of butyrate as well as lower proportion of children with AD compared to children with low abundance of R. bromii (11.1-12.5% vs 44.4-52.5%), which was independent of the abundance of the major butyrate producers. Conclusion Our results suggested that R. bromii and other primary degraders might play an important role in the differences in microbial cross-feeding and metabolite formation between children with and without AD, which may influence the risk of developing the disease.
Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other SARS‐CoV‐2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID‐19 risk factors
Radzikowska, Urszula; Ding, Mei; Tan, Ge; et al. (2020)
Allergy
Background Morbidity and mortality from COVID‐19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 is accelerating worldwide, and novel clinical presentations of COVID‐19 are often reported. The range of human cells and tissues targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2, its potential receptors and associated regulating factors are still largely unknown. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors and related molecules in the extensive collection of primary human cells and tissues from healthy subjects of different age and from patients with risk factors and known comorbidities of COVID‐19. Methods We performed RNA sequencing and explored available RNA‐Seq databases to study gene expression and co‐expression of ACE2, CD147 (BSG), and CD26 (DPP4) and their direct and indirect molecular partners in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchial and skin biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, neutrophils, DCs, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and plasmablasts. We analyzed the material from healthy children and adults, and from adults in relation to their disease or COVID‐19 risk factor status. Results ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were coexpressed at the epithelial sites of the lung and skin, whereas CD147 (BSG), cyclophilins (PPIA and PPIB), CD26 (DPP4), and related molecules were expressed in both epithelium and in immune cells. We also observed a distinct age‐related expression profile of these genes in the PBMCs and T cells from healthy children and adults. Asthma, COPD, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and male gender status generally led to the higher expression of ACE2‐ and CD147‐related genes in the bronchial biopsy, BAL, or blood. Additionally, CD147‐related genes correlated positively with age and BMI. Interestingly, we also observed higher expression of CD147‐related genes in the lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Conclusions Our data suggest different receptor repertoire potentially involved in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at the epithelial barriers and in the immune cells. Altered expression of these receptors related to age, gender, obesity and smoking, as well as with the disease status, might contribute to COVID‐19 morbidity and severity patterns. © 2020 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S.

Publications 1 - 10 of 17

Journal: Allergy

Abbreviation

Publisher

Journal Volumes

ISSN

Description

Filters

Search Results