Journal: Ore Geology Reviews

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Elsevier

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1872-7360
0169-1368

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Publications 1 - 10 of 33
  • Geodynamics and ore deposit evolution in Europe
    Item type: Journal Article
    Blundell, Derek; Arndt, Nicholas; Cobbold, Peter R.; et al. (2005)
    Ore Geology Reviews
  • Fluid mixing and organic carbon-mediated sulfate reduction in the formation of Alpine-type Zn-Pb sulfide deposits (Gorno district, Southalpine domain, N Italy)
    Item type: Journal Article
    Giorno, Michele; Bertok, Carlo; Barale, Luca; et al. (2025)
    Ore Geology Reviews
    Alpine-type Zn-Pb deposits are a subclass of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits, hosted in Anisian-Carnian carbonate rocks of the European Alps. They represent the second-largest province of Zn-Pb deposits in Europe in terms of resources and historic production. The Gorno mining district in Italy is a prime example of an Alpine-type district, with stratabound Zn-Pb-Ag (± fluorite ± barite) mineralization hosted in lower Carnian clay-rich sediments and peritidal limestones. Despite scientific and economic interest, there is no consensus on the genesis of the Gorno mineralization. This study sheds light on the ore-forming processes involved in Alpine-type deposits: metallogenesis at Gorno was related to hydrothermal activity associated with multiple stages of diagenesis and mineralization, including dolomitization, silicification, brecciation, dissolution, and cementation. Petrographic evidence, showing replacive and displacive growth of hydrothermal sulfides, dolomite, and quartz within unlithified sediments, indicates that mineralization occurred at shallow burial conditions, linked to Late Triassic extension, as confirmed by recent radiometric data. Microthermometry of primary fluid inclusions in sphalerite and fluorite, alongside sphalerite trace-element geothermometry—both never before applied in Gorno—indicates fluid temperatures between 70 and 140 °C (mean: ∼100 °C) and salinities up to ∼25 eq.wt% NaCl. Micro-Raman spectroscopy documents the involvement of gaseous hydrocarbons (e.g., CH4). Carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes suggest that the ore fluid was modified seawater that interacted with underlying Permian sandstones and basement. Ore-mineral precipitation was controlled by the distribution of organic-rich lithologies in the host-sequence and occurred through a combination of fluid mixing and in situ reduction of the ore fluids.
  • Fluid phase separation promotes mineralization of epithermal base metal sulfides: A case study from the Central Seruyan Pb-Zn-Cu deposit in Kalimantan, Indonesia
    Item type: Journal Article
    Choi, Yuri; Lee, Insung; See, Jung Hun; et al. (2025)
    Ore Geology Reviews
    The Central Seruyan Pb-Zn-Cu deposit in Central Kalimantan is an epithermal deposit situated within the Central Borneo metallogenic belt. To develop a genetic model for this deposit and provide insights for future exploration, we conducted studies on petrography, fluid inclusions, trace element geochemistry of sulfide minerals, and Pb isotope compositions. The mineralization can be categorized into four hydrothermal stages, based on the characteristics of alteration and ore mineral assemblages. The primary base metal sulfide minerals in the main ore stage include galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite, with minor amounts of covellite and tetrahedrite-tennantite. The principal Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization occurred under temperatures ranging from 170 to 320 ℃ at an apparent depth of 0.1 to 0.4 km from the paleosurface. Petrographic analysis and fluid inclusion microthermometry suggest that fluid boiling and decompression-induced quenching were the dominant processes driving base metal mineralization. The heterogeneous trace element distribution and color zonation observed in sulfide minerals further indicate an abrupt temperature change during the main mineralization stage. Arsenic and gold zonation in pyrite, along with indium and gallium zonation in sphalerite, suggest rapid temperature fluctuations likely associated with boiling. Microanalyses of fluid inclusions in sphalerite reveal that the ore-forming fluids originated from subduction-related magmas undergoing batholith-scale fractionation. For future exploration, we recommend targeting SW-NE trending faults, which may have facilitated decompression and subsequent boiling.
  • Magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of Sn-W granites in the Kibara belt, Democratic Republic of Congo: ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating and LA-ICP-MS microanalysis of cassiterites and cassiterite-hosted fluid inclusions
    Item type: Journal Article
    Makutu, Douxdoux Kumakele; Seo, Jung Hun; Lee, Bum Han; et al. (2024)
    Ore Geology Reviews
    The northwestern part of the Kibara Belt (KIB) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) consists of highly altered (greisenized) Sn-bearing granites “the G-4 granite” and associated mineralized Sn-W quartz veins. To understand the magmatic-hydrothermal processes, including the sources of metals, intrusion-vein relationships, and metal precipitation, we investigated Ar-Ar ages of mica minerals and the geochemistry of cassiterites and fluid inclusions using in-situ LA-ICP-MS microanalysis. The Sn-W province in the KIB has been determined to be Early Neoproterozoic, with the Sn-bearing granites (phlogopite Ar-Ar: 974 ± 1 Ma) being slightly younger than the Sn-W quartz veins (muscovite Ar-Ar: 990 ± 1 Ma). Primary and pseudo-secondary fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) in cassiterites from the Sn-bearing granites and the Sn-W quartz veins show an elevated incompatible element ratio, including Li/Na, Cs/Na, and Rb/Sr, suggesting fractional crystallization in the causative magma. These ratios are relatively higher in the FIAs from the Sn-bearing granites compared to the Sn-W quartz veins, indicating more “fractionated granite-derived” and postdating magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in the Sn-bearing granites. Tantalum-rich (Ta/Nb > 1) cassiterites in the Sn-bearing granites and relatively Nb-rich (Ta/Nb < 1) cassiterites in the Sn-W quartz veins further support the presence of more fractionated magmatic fluids in the Sn-granites compared to the Sn-W quartz veins. A positive correlation trend of homogenization temperatures versus salinities, with relatively consistent Cl/Br ratios in all the studied FIAs, suggests a mixing of fluids derived from magmatic and possibly meteoric sources. Fluctuations and positive correlations of redox-sensitive trace element ratios (e.g., Fe/Mn and V/Ti ratios) in the cassiterite further indicate the mixing of fluids with contrasting redox potentials. This mixing could enhance the oxidation of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and promote a cassiterite precipitation in the KIB.
  • Glide systems of hematite single crystals in deformation experiments
    Item type: Conference Paper
    Siemes, H.; Rybacki, E.; Schaefer, W.; et al. (2008)
    Ore Geology Reviews
  • A magmatic source of hydrothermal sulfur for the Prominent Hill deposit and associated prospects in the Olympic iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) province of South Australia
    Item type: Journal Article
    Schlegel, Tobias U.; Wagner, Thomas; Boyce, Adrian; et al. (2017)
    Ore Geology Reviews
  • Osmium isotope distribution within the Palaeozoic Alexandrinka seafloor hydrothermal system in the Southern Urals, Russia
    Item type: Journal Article
    Tessalina, Svetlana G.; Bourdon, Bernard; Maslennikov, Valery V.; et al. (2008)
    Ore Geology Reviews
  • Subduction, slab detachment and mineralization
    Item type: Journal Article
    Neubauer, Franz; Lips, Andor; Kouzmanov, Kalin; et al. (2005)
    Ore Geology Reviews
  • Late Variscan tectonic orogenic collapse as a trigger for Sn-W mineralizing systems. U-Pb ore geochronology across the Martinamor gneissic dome (Salamanca, Spain)
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bermejo, Daniel; Ortega, Lorena; Barrios Sánchez, Santos; et al. (2025)
    Ore Geology Reviews
    Regional tectonothermal evolution is a primary factor for many mineral deposits formation. Late orogenic gravitational collapse has been widely recognized across different orogens, including the Variscan belt. The Martinamor gneissic dome is a well constrained structure related to the late-Variscan orogenic collapse in the Iberian Massif. We have investigated Sn-W mineralization spatially related to the Martinamor dome by LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of cassiterite and wolframite, revealing a wide mineralization timespan of 40 Myr. Our results show: a) an early (338.1 ± 5.8 Ma), minor mineralization phase, (W-dominated), potentially related to Variscan compressive phases; b) a second, major stage which lasted from 324.1 ± 5.9 to 300.7 ± 5.4 Ma, which includes Sn-bearing pegmatites and Sn-W veins formed under the syn-collisional extensional collapse. Structural evidence highlights the role of extensional detachments in channeling mineralizing fluids and creating suitable traps under ductile and ductile–brittle conditions; it also explains the temporal and spatial distribution of the Sn-W vein-type mineralizations in the zone. Comparisons with other Variscan deposits in the Iberian Massif and European counterparts suggest a regional metallogenic cycle linked to late-Variscan extensional collapse, heat advection, and crustal partial melting processes. These findings underscore the Martinamor dome as a unique structure recording a protracted Variscan tectono-magmatic-metallogenic event, with implications for understanding Sn-W deposit formation in orogenic settings.
  • Nature and evolution of fluids associated with specularite-bearing Fe and Au-PGE (Jacutinga) mineralization during the Brasiliano orogeny in the eastern São Francisco Craton, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Item type: Journal Article
    Ramos de Oliveira, Lucilia A.; Rios, Francisco J.; Rosière, Carlos A.; et al. (2017)
    Ore Geology Reviews
Publications 1 - 10 of 33