Journal: Cerebral Cortex

Abbreviation

Cereb. cortex

Publisher

Oxford University Press

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ISSN

1047-3211
1460-2199

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Publications 1 - 10 of 52
  • Statistical parametric mapping: a catalyst for cognitive neuroscience
    Item type: Other Journal Item
    Stephan, Klaas (2025)
    Cerebral Cortex
    Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) is a statistical framework and open source software package for neuroimaging data analysis.Originally created by Karl Friston in the early 1990s, it has been used by a vast number of scientific studies over the last three decades.SPM has not only revolutionized the analysis of neuroimaging data but also catalyzed the development of cognitive neuroscience. Thisshort commentary reflects on key principles that have made SPM so enormously influential and successful: (i) the introduction of aprincipled general framework for statistical inference that applied to all neuroimaging modalities, (ii) the emphasis on open sourcecode, transparency, and collaboration, and (iii) constant evolution over three decades, from a frequentist mass-univariate frameworkto generative models of neuroimaging, electrophysiological, magnetoencephalographic, and behavioral data.
  • The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Stress on Orbitofrontal Cortical Thickness
    Item type: Journal Article
    Monninger, Maximilian; Kraaijenvanger, Eline J.; Pollok, Tania M.; et al. (2020)
    Cerebral Cortex
    Early adversity has been related to brain structure alterations and to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a key region for emotional processing, with structural alterations being described in several mental disorders. However, little is known about how its cortical thickness (CT) is affected by the long-term impact of life stress (LS) at different developmental stages. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of LS during infancy, childhood, and adolescence on CT alterations in the OFC and on psychopathology in 190 adults of an ongoing prospective cohort study. Chronic stressful life events were assessed in regular intervals. Participants rated depressive symptoms at the ages of 22 and 23 years. Morphometric data were collected at the participants’ age of 25 years. Chronic LS during infancy was associated with reduced CT in the right OFC and increased depressive symptoms. Moreover, the impact of chronic LS during infancy on OFC thickness was partially mediated by depressive symptoms in adulthood, suggesting an interplay of early LS, psychopathology, and CT alterations. Our findings highlight the long-term impact of early LS on an affective core brain structure and psychopathology later in life.
  • From Neural Arbors to Daisies
    Item type: Journal Article
    Muir, Dylan R.; Douglas, Rodney J. (2010)
    Cerebral Cortex
  • Nogo-a regulates neuralprecursor migration in the embryonic mouse cortex
    Item type: Journal Article
    Mathis, Carole; Schröter, Alice; Thallmair, Michaela; et al. (2010)
    Cerebral Cortex
  • Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Maternal Immune Activation Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    Item type: Journal Article
    Richetto, Juliet; Chesters, Robert; Cattaneo, Annamaria; et al. (2017)
    Cerebral Cortex
    Prenatal exposure to maternal infection increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The molecular processes underlying this pathological association, however, are only partially understood. Here, we combined unbiased genome-wide transcriptional profiling with follow-up epigenetic analyses and structural magnetic resonance imaging to explore convergent molecular and neuromorphological alterations in corticostriatal areas of adult offspring exposed to prenatal immune activation. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed that prenatal immune activation caused a differential expression of 116 and 251 genes in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, respectively. A large part of genes that were commonly affected in both brain areas were related to myelin functionality and stability. Subsequent epigenetic analyses indicated that altered DNA methylation of promoter regions might contribute to the differential expression of myelin-related genes. Quantitative relaxometry comparing T1, T2, and myelin water fraction revealed sparse increases in T1 relaxation times and consistent reductions in T2 relaxation times. Together, our multi-system approach demonstrates that prenatal viral-like immune activation causes myelin-related transcriptional and epigenetic changes in corticostriatal areas. Even though these abnormalities do not seem to be associated with overt white matter reduction, they may provide a molecular mechanism whereby prenatal infection can impair myelin functionality and stability.
  • Spatial Attention, Precision, and Bayesian Inference
    Item type: Journal Article
    Vossel, Simone; Mathys, Christoph; Daunizeau, Jean; et al. (2014)
    Cerebral Cortex
  • Epileptiform Activity and Cognitive Deficits in SNAP-25+/− Mice are Normalized by Antiepileptic Drugs
    Item type: Journal Article
    Corradini, Irene; Donzelli, Andrea; Antonucci, Flavia; et al. (2014)
    Cerebral Cortex
    Synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is a protein that participates in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis through the formation of the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor complex and modulates voltage-gated calcium channels activity. The Snap25 gene has been associated with schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and bipolar disorder, and lower levels of SNAP-25 have been described in patients with schizophrenia. We used SNAP-25 heterozygous (SNAP-25+/−) mice to investigate at which extent the reduction of the protein levels affects neuronal network function and mouse behavior. As interactions of genotype with the specific laboratory conditions may impact behavioral results, the study was performed through a multilaboratory study in which behavioral tests were replicated in at least 2 of 3 distinct European laboratories. Reductions of SNAP-25 levels were associated with a moderate hyperactivity, which disappeared in the adult animals, and with impaired associative learning and memory. Electroencephalographic recordings revealed the occurrence of frequent spikes, suggesting a diffuse network hyperexcitability. Consistently, SNAP-25+/− mice displayed higher susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures, paralleled by degeneration of hilar neurons. Notably, both EEG profile and cognitive defects were improved by antiepileptic drugs. These results indicate that reduction of SNAP-25 expression is associated to generation of epileptiform discharges and cognitive dysfunctions, which can be effectively treated by antiepileptic drugs.
  • Deviant Processing in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex
    Item type: Journal Article
    Musall, Simon; Haiss, Florent; Weber, Bruno; et al. (2017)
    Cerebral Cortex
    Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) to repetitive stimulation has been proposed to separate behaviorally relevant features from a stream of continuous sensory information. However, the exact mechanisms giving rise to SSA and cortical deviance detection are not well understood. We therefore used an oddball paradigm and multicontact electrodes to characterize single-neuron and local field potential responses to various deviant stimuli across the rat somatosensory cortex. Changing different single-whisker stimulus features evoked robust SSA in individual cortical neurons over a wide range of stimulus repetition rates (0.25–80 Hz). Notably, SSA was weakest in the granular input layer and significantly stronger in the supra- and infragranular layers, suggesting that a major part of SSA is generated within cortex. Moreover, we found a small subset of neurons in the granular layer with a deviant-specific late response, occurring roughly 200 ms after stimulus offset. This late deviant response exhibited true-deviance detection properties that were not explained by depression of sensory inputs. Our results show that deviant responses are actively amplified within cortex and contain an additional late component that is sensitive for context-specific sensory deviations. This strongly implicates deviance detection as a feature of intracortical stimulus processing beyond simple sensory input depression.
  • Embedding of Cortical Representations by the Superficial Patch System
    Item type: Journal Article
    Muir, Dylan Richard; Da Costa, Nuno M.A.; Girardin, Cyrille C.; et al. (2011)
    Cerebral Cortex
  • Altered Neuronal Response During Rapid Auditory Processing and Its Relation to Phonological Processing in Prereading Children at Familial Risk for Dyslexia
    Item type: Journal Article
    Raschle, Nora M.; Stering, Patrice L.; Meissner, Sarah N.; et al. (2014)
    Cerebral Cortex
    Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a learning disability affecting 5–17% of children. Although researchers agree that DD is characterized by deficient phonological processing (PP), its cause is debated. It has been suggested that altered rapid auditory processing (RAP) may lead to deficient PP in DD and studies have shown deficient RAP in individuals with DD. Functional neuroimaging (fMRI) studies have implicated hypoactivations in left prefrontal brain regions during RAP in individuals with DD. When and how these neuronal alterations evolve remains unknown. In this article, we investigate functional networks during RAP in 28 children with (n = 14) and without (n = 14) a familial risk for DD before reading onset (mean: 5.6 years). Results reveal functional alterations in left-hemispheric prefrontal regions during RAP in prereading children at risk for DD, similar to findings in individuals with DD. Furthermore, activation during RAP in left prefrontal regions positively correlates with prereading measures of PP and with neuronal activation during PP in posterior dorsal and ventral brain areas. Our results suggest that neuronal differences during RAP predate reading instruction and thus are not due to experience-dependent brain changes resulting from DD itself and that there is a functional relationship between neuronal networks for RAP and PP within the prereading brain.
Publications 1 - 10 of 52