Plant, Cell & Environment

Journal: Plant, Cell & Environment

Abbreviation

Plant Cell Environ.

Publisher

Wiley

ISSN

0140-7791
1365-3040

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Publications 1 - 10 of 28

Drone-based physiological index reveals long-term acclimation and drought stress responses in trees
D'Odorico, Petra; Schönbeck, Leonie; Vitali, Valentina; et al. (2021)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Monitoring early tree physiological responses to drought is key to understanding progressive impacts of drought on forests and identifying resilient species. We combined drone-based multispectral remote sensing with measurements of tree physiology and environmental parameters over two growing seasons in a 100-y-old Pinus sylvestris forest subject to 17-y of precipitation manipulation. Our goal was to determine if drone-based photochemical reflectance index (PRI) captures tree drought stress responses and whether responses are affected by long-term acclimation. PRI detects changes in xanthophyll cycle pigment dynamics, which reflect increases in photoprotective non-photochemical quenching activity resulting from drought-induced photosynthesis downregulation. Here, PRI of never-irrigated trees was up to 10 times lower (higher stress) than PRI of irrigated trees. Long-term acclimation to experimental treatment, however, influenced the seasonal relationship between PRI and soil water availability. PRI also captured diurnal decreases in photochemical efficiency, driven by vapour pressure deficit. Interestingly, 5 years after irrigation was stopped for a subset of the irrigated trees, a positive legacy effect persisted, with lower stress responses (higher PRI) compared with never-irrigated trees. This study demonstrates the ability of remotely sensed PRI to scale tree physiological responses to an entire forest and the importance of long-term acclimation in determining current drought stress responses.
Stomatal closure of tomato under drought is driven by an increase in soil–root hydraulic resistance
Abdalla, Mohanned; Carminati, Andrea; Cai, Gaochao; et al. (2021)
Plant, Cell & Environment
The fundamental question as to what triggers stomatal closure during soil drying remains contentious. Thus, we urgently need to improve our understanding of stomatal response to water deficits in soil and atmosphere. Here, we investigated the role of soil–plant hydraulic conductance (Ksp) on transpiration (E) and stomatal regulation. We used a root pressure chamber to measure the relation between E, leaf xylem water potential (ψleaf-x) and soil water potential (ψsoil) in tomato. Additional measurements of ψleaf-x were performed with unpressurized plants. A soil–plant hydraulic model was used to simulate E(ψleaf-x) for decreasing ψsoil. In wet soils, E(ψleaf-x) had a constant slope, while in dry soils, the slope decreased, with ψleaf-x rapidly and nonlinearly decreasing for moderate increases in E. The ψleaf-x measured in pressurized and unpressurized plants matched well, which indicates that the shoot hydraulic conductance did not decrease during soil drying and that the decrease in Ksp is caused by a decrease in soil–root conductance. The decrease of E matched well the onset of hydraulic nonlinearity. Our findings demonstrate that stomatal closure prevents the drop in ψleaf-x caused by a decrease in Ksp and elucidate a strong correlation between stomatal regulation and belowground hydraulic limitation.
How the interactions between atmospheric and soil drought affect the functionality of plant hydraulics
Cai, Gaochao; Wankmüller, Fabian; Ahmed, Mutez A.; et al. (2023)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Root hydraulic phenotypes impacting water uptake in drying soils
Cai, Gaochao; Ahmed, Mutez A.; Abdalla, Mohanned; et al. (2022)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Soil drying is a limiting factor for crop production worldwide. Yet, it is not clear how soil drying impacts water uptake across different soils, species, and root phenotypes. Here we ask (1) what root phenotypes improve the water use from drying soils? and (2) what root hydraulic properties impact water flow across the soil-plant continuum? The main objective is to propose a hydraulic framework to investigate the interplay between soil and root hydraulic properties on water uptake. We collected highly resolved data on transpiration, leaf and soil water potential across 11 crops and 10 contrasting soil textures. In drying soils, the drop in water potential at the soil-root interface resulted in a rapid decrease in soil hydraulic conductance, especially at higher transpiration rates. The analysis reveals that water uptake was limited by soil within a wide range of soil water potential (-6 to -1000 kPa), depending on both soil textures and root hydraulic phenotypes. We propose that a root phenotype with low root hydraulic conductance, long roots and/or long and dense root hairs postpones soil limitation in drying soils. The consequence of these root phenotypes on crop water use is discussed.
Insights to plant-microbe interactions provide opportunities to improve resistance breeding against root diseases in grain legumes
Wille, Lukas; Messmer, Monika M.; Studer, Bruno; et al. (2019)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Memory of environmental conditions across generations affects the acclimation potential of scots pine
Bose, Arun K.; Moser, Barbara; Rigling, Andreas; et al. (2020)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Long generation times have been suggested to hamper rapid genetic adaptation of organisms to changing environmental conditions. We examined if environmental memory of the parental Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) drive offspring survival and growth. We used seeds from trees growing under naturally dry conditions (control), irrigated trees (irrigated from 2003 to 2016), and formerly irrigated trees (“irrigation stop”; irrigated from 2003–2013; control condition since 2014). We performed two experiments, one under controlled greenhouse conditions and one at the experimental field site. In the greenhouse, the offspring from control trees exposed regularly to drought were more tolerant to hot–drought conditions than the offspring from irrigated trees and showed lower mortality even though there was no genetic difference. However, under optimal conditions (high water supply and full sunlight), these offspring showed lower growth and were outperformed by the offspring of the irrigated trees. This different offspring growth, with the offspring of the “irrigation‐stop” trees showing intermediate responses, points to the important role of transgenerational memory for the long‐term acclimation of trees. Such memory effects, however, may be overridden by climatic extremes during germination and early growth stages such as the European 2018 mega‐drought that impacted our field experiment.
Diurnal dynamics of the Arabidopsis rosette proteome and phosphoproteome
Uhrig, R. Glen; Echevarria-Zomeno, Sira; Schläpfer, Pascal; et al. (2021)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Plant growth depends on the diurnal regulation of cellular processes, but it is not well understood if and how transcriptional regulation controls diurnal fluctuations at the protein level. Here, we report a high‐resolution Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaf rosette proteome acquired over a 12 hr light:12 hr dark diurnal cycle and the phosphoproteome immediately before and after the light‐to‐dark and dark‐to‐light transitions. We quantified nearly 5,000 proteins and 800 phosphoproteins, of which 288 fluctuated in their abundance and 226 fluctuated in their phosphorylation status. Of the phosphoproteins, 60% were quantified for changes in protein abundance. This revealed six proteins involved in nitrogen and hormone metabolism that had concurrent changes in both protein abundance and phosphorylation status. The diurnal proteome and phosphoproteome changes involve proteins in key cellular processes, including protein translation, light perception, photosynthesis, metabolism and transport. The phosphoproteome at the light–dark transitions revealed the dynamics at phosphorylation sites in either anticipation of or response to a change in light regime. Phosphorylation site motif analyses implicate casein kinase II and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinases among the primary light–dark transition kinases. The comparative analysis of the diurnal proteome and diurnal and circadian transcriptome established how mRNA and protein accumulation intersect in leaves during the diurnal cycle of the plant.
A plant parasite uses light cues to detect differences in host-plant proximity and architecture
Smith, Jason D.; Johnson, Beth I.; Mescher, Mark C.; et al. (2021)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Sunlight filtered by green plant tissue becomes diminished in its ratio of red to far-red wavelengths (R:FR). Some parasitic plants exploit this change by growing towards regions of low R:FR to locate host plants. In principle, variation in R:FR can also convey ecologically relevant information about host proximity or architecture. Here, we demonstrate that the parasitic vine Cuscuta epilinum Weihe (Convolvulaceae) can distinguish fine-scale differences in R:FR associated with differences in the proximity and shape of potential host plants. We conducted dual-choice experiments by placing parasite seedlings between targets, including low R:FR fields manipulated via LED lighting and pairs of model plants exhibiting realistic R and FR reflectance but differing in proximity or shape. Seedlings consistently distinguished between low-R:FR fields of differing intensity. Furthermore, they exhibited preferences for nearer plant models versus identical models placed 4 cm further away and between same-sized models exhibiting shape differences. Our results indicate that parasites can discriminate minute differences in R:FR signatures corresponding to host factors (proximity and shape) that impact seedling survival. This keen sensory ability underpins the parasite's sophisticated foraging behaviour and highlights the broader importance of light cues in plant ecology.
Cropping Systems Alter Hydraulic Traits of Barley but not Pea Grown in Mixture
Sun, Qing; Gilgen, Anna K.; Signarbieux, Constant; et al. (2021)
Plant, Cell & Environment
Extreme events such as drought and heatwaves are among the biggest challenges to agricultural production and food security. However, effects of cropping systems on drought resistance of arable crops via their hydraulic behaviour remain unclear. We investigated how hydraulic traits of a field‐grown pea‐barley (Pisum sativum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture were affected by different cropping systems, that is, organic and conventional farming with intensive or conservation tillage. Xylem vulnerability to cavitation of both species was estimated by measuring the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50), while the water stress plants experienced in the field was assessed using native percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (nPLC). Pea and barley showed contrasting hydraulic behaviours: pea was less vulnerable to xylem cavitation and less stressed than barley; cropping systems affected xylem vulnerability of barley, but not of pea. Barley grown under conventional farming with no tillage was more vulnerable and stressed than under organic farming with intensive tillage. nPLC proved to be a valuable indicator for plant water stress. Our results highlight the impact of cropping systems on crop xylem vulnerability and drought resistance, thus plant hydraulic traits, for protecting food security under future climate.
Phytochrome B dynamics departs from photoequilibrium in the field
Sellaro, Romina; Smith, Robert W.; Legris, Martina; et al. (2019)
Plant, Cell & Environment

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