Journal: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Abbreviation

J Antimicrob Chemother

Publisher

Oxford University Press

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ISSN

0305-7453
1460-2091

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Publications 1 - 10 of 14
  • Relative contribution of biological variation and technical variables to zone diameter variations of disc diffusion susceptibility testing
    Item type: Journal Article
    Hombach, Michael; Ochoa, Carlos; Maurer, Florian P.; et al. (2016)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Tn6198, a novel transposon containing the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrG embedded into a Tn916 element in Listeria monocytogenes
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bertsch, David; Uruty, Anaïs; Anderegg, Janine; et al. (2013)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Exploring the epidemiology of mcr genes, genetic context and plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae originating from pigs and humans on farms in Thailand
    Item type: Journal Article
    Leangapichart, Thongpan; Stosic, Milan S.; Hickman, Rachel A.; et al. (2023)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    Objectives: In veterinary medicine, colistin has been widely used as therapeutic and prophylactic agent, and for growth promotion. However, colistin has been re-introduced into treatment of human MDR bacterial infections. We assessed the characteristics and spread of plasmid-borne colistin resistance among healthy pigs, workers with animal-contact and their household members in Thailand. Methods: WGS and MIC data of 146 mcr-positive isolates from a cross-sectional One Health study were analysed. Long-read sequencing and conjugation were performed for selected isolates. Results: mcr-carrying isolates were detected in 38% of pooled-pig samples and 16% of human faecal samples. Of 143 Escherichia coli and three Escherichia fergusonii, mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-9 variants were identified in 96 (65.8%), 61 (41.8%) and one (0.7%) isolate, respectively. Twelve E. coli co-harboured two mcr variants (mcr-1 and mcr-3). Clonal transmission was detected in five out of 164 farms. mcr-1 was mostly harboured by epidemic IncX4 and IncHI1 plasmids (89.9%). Conversely, mcr-3 was harboured by a range of different plasmids. Comparative plasmid studies suggested IncP and IncFII plasmids as possible endemic mcr-3 plasmids in Asian countries. Moreover, mcr-3 was associated with different mobile genetic elements including TnAs2, ISKpn40 and IS26/15DI. Detected genetic signatures (DRs) indicated recent mcr-3 transpositions, underlining the mobilizable nature of the mcr-3 cassette. Conclusions: The epidemiology of mcr and the possible evolution of successful plasmids and transposition modules should be carefully monitored. Of special concern is the growing number of different horizontal gene transferring pathways encompassing various transposable modules the mcr genes can be shared between bacteria.
  • Detection of optrA in the African continent (Tunisia) within a mosaic Enterococcus faecalis plasmid from urban wastewaters
    Item type: Journal Article
    Freitas, Ana R.; Elghaieb, Houyem; Leon-Sampedro, Ricardo; et al. (2017)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    Objectives Oxazolidinone resistance is a serious limitation in the treatment of MDR Enterococcus infections. Plasmid-mediated oxazolidinone resistance has been strongly linked to animals where the use of phenicols might co-select resistance to both antibiotic families. Our goal was to assess the diversity of genes conferring phenicol/oxazolidinone resistance among diverse enterococci and to characterize the optrA genetic environment. Methods Chloramphenicol-resistant isolates (>16 mg/L, n = 245) from different sources (hospitals/healthy humans/wastewaters/animals) in Portugal, Angola and Tunisia (1996–2016) were selected. Phenicol (eight cat variants, fexA, fexB) or phenicol + oxazolidinone [cfr, cfr(B), optrA] resistance genes were searched for by PCR. Susceptibility (disc diffusion/microdilution), filter mating, stability of antibiotic resistance (500 bacterial generations), plasmid typing (S1-PFGE/hybridization), MLST and WGS (Illumina-HiSeq) were performed for optrA-positive isolates. Results Resistance to phenicols (n = 181, 74%) and phenicols + oxazolidinones (n = 2, 1%) was associated with the presence of cat(A-8) (40%, predominant in hospitals and swine), cat(A-7) (29%, predominant in poultry and healthy humans), cat(A-9) (2%), fexB (2%) and fexA + optrA (1%). fexA and optrA genes were co-located in a transferable plasmid (pAF379, 72 918 bp) of two ST86 MDR Tunisian Enterococcus faecalis (wastewaters) carrying several putative virulence genes. MICs of chloramphenicol, linezolid and tedizolid were stably maintained at 64, 4 and 1 mg/L, respectively. The chimeric pAF379 comprised relics of genetic elements from different Gram-positive bacteria and origins (human/porcine). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we report the first detection of optrA in an African country (Tunisia) within a transferable mosaic plasmid of different origins. Its identification in isolates from environmental sources is worrisome and alerts for the need of a concerted global surveillance on the occurrence and spread of optrA.
  • Intrinsic rifamycin resistance of Mycobacterium abscessus is mediated by ADP-ribosyltransferase MAB_0591
    Item type: Journal Article
    Rominski, Anna; Roditscheff, Anna; Selchow, Petra; et al. (2017)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Evaluation of the AID ESBL line probe assay for rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and KPC carbapenemase genes in enterobacteriaceae
    Item type: Journal Article
    Bloemberg, Guido V.; Polsfuss, Silke; Meyer, Vera; et al. (2014)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Evolutionarily distinct bacteriophage endolysins featuring conserved peptidoglycan cleavage sites protect mice from MRSA infection
    Item type: Journal Article
    Schmelcher, Mathias; Shen, Yang; Nelson, Daniel C.; et al. (2015)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Increase in antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in food animals between 1980 and 2018 assessed using genomes from public databases
    Item type: Journal Article
    Do Couto Pires, Joao Pedro; Huisman, Jana; Bonhoeffer, Sebastian; et al. (2022)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    Background Next-generation sequencing has considerably increased the number of genomes available in the public domain. However, efforts to use these genomes for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance have thus far been limited and geographically heterogeneous. We inferred global resistance trends in Escherichia coli in food animals using genomes from public databases. Methods We retrieved 7632 E. coli genomes from public databases (NCBI, PATRIC and EnteroBase) and screened for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) using ResFinder. Selection bias towards resistance, virulence or specific strains was accounted for by screening BioProject descriptions. Temporal trends for MDR, resistance to antimicrobial classes and ARG prevalence were inferred using generalized linear models for all genomes, including those not subjected to selection bias. Results MDR increased by 1.6 times between 1980 and 2018, as genomes carried, on average, ARGs conferring resistance to 2.65 antimicrobials in swine, 2.22 in poultry and 1.58 in bovines. Highest resistance levels were observed for tetracyclines (42.2%–69.1%), penicillins (19.4%–47.5%) and streptomycin (28.6%–56.6%). Resistance trends were consistent after accounting for selection bias, although lower mean absolute resistance estimates were associated with genomes not subjected to selection bias (difference of 3.16%±3.58% across years, hosts and antimicrobial classes). We observed an increase in extended-spectrum cephalosporin ARG blaCMY-2 and a progressive substitution of tetB by tetA. Estimates of resistance prevalence inferred from genomes in the public domain were in good agreement with reports from systematic phenotypic surveillance. Conclusions Our analysis illustrates the potential of using the growing volume of genomes in public databases to track AMR trends globally.
  • In vitro cell compatibility and antibacterial activity of microencapsulated doxycycline designed for improved localised therapy of septic arthritis
    Item type: Journal Article
    Haerdi-Landerer, M. Christina; Suter, Maja M.; Steiner, Adrian; et al. (2008)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Pharmacokinetics and safety of panobacumab
    Item type: Journal Article
    Lu, Qin; Rouby, Jean-Jacques; Laterre, Pierre-Francois; et al. (2011)
    Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Publications 1 - 10 of 14