Physical Review D

Journal: Physical Review D

Abbreviation

Phys. rev. D.

Publisher

American Physical Society

ISSN

1550-7998
0556-2821
1550-2368
2470-0029
2470-0010

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Publications 1 - 10 of 628

Cosmological constraints from noisy convergence maps through deep learning
Fluri, Janis; Kacprzak, Tomasz; Refregier, Alexandre; et al. (2018)
Physical Review D
Deep learning is a powerful analysis technique that has recently been proposed as a method to constrain cosmological parameters from weak lensing mass maps. Because of its ability to learn relevant features from the data, it is able to extract more information from the mass maps than the commonly used power spectrum, and thus achieve better precision for cosmological parameter measurement. We explore the advantage of convolutional neural networks over the power spectrum for varying levels of shape noise and different smoothing scales applied to the maps. We compare the cosmological constraints from the two methods in the ΩM−σ8 plane for sets of 400 deg2 convergence maps. We find that, for a shape noise level corresponding to 8.53 galaxies/arcmin2 and the smoothing scale of σs=2.34 arcmin, the network is able to generate 45% tighter constraints. For a smaller smoothing scale of σs=1.17 the improvement can reach ∼50%, while for a larger smoothing scale of σs=5.85, the improvement decreases to 19%. The advantage generally decreases when the noise level and smoothing scales increase. We present a new training strategy to train the neural network with noisy data, as well as considerations for practical applications of the deep learning approach.
Updated search for the standard model Higgs boson in events with jets and missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set
CDF Collaboration; Aaltonen, T.; Casal, Bruno; et al. (2013)
Physical Review D
Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of top-quark and antiquark pairs using the full CDF Run II data set
CDF Collaboration; Aaltonen, Timo; Casal, Bruno; et al. (2016)
Physical Review D
Inference of gravitational field superposition from quantum measurements
Overstreet, Chris; Curti, Joseph; Kim, Minjeong; et al. (2023)
Physical Review D
Experiments are beginning to probe the interaction of quantum particles with gravitational fields beyond the uniform-field regime. In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, the gravitational field in such experiments can be written as a superposition state. We empirically demonstrate that semiclassical theories of gravity can avoid gravitational superposition states only by decoupling the gravitational field energy from the quantum particle's time evolution. Furthermore, such theories must specify a preferred quantum reference frame in which the equations of motion are valid. To the extent that these properties are theoretically implausible, recent experiments provide indirect evidence that gravity has quantum features. Proposed experiments with superposed gravitational sources would provide even stronger evidence that gravity is nonclassical.
Measurements of the Higgs boson width and anomalous HVV couplings from on-shell and off-shell production in the four-lepton final state
CMS Collaboration; Sirunyan, Albert M.; Backhaus, Malte; et al. (2019)
Physical Review D
Studies of on-shell and off-shell Higgs boson production in the four-lepton final state are presented, using data from the CMS experiment at the LHC that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 80.2 fb−1 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Joint constraints are set on the Higgs boson total width and parameters that express its anomalous couplings to two electroweak vector bosons. These results are combined with those obtained from the data collected at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.7 fb−1, respectively. Kinematic information from the decay particles and the associated jets are combined using matrix element techniques to identify the production mechanism and to increase sensitivity to the Higgs boson couplings in both production and decay. The constraints on anomalous HVV couplings are found to be consistent with the standard model expectation in both the on-shell and off-shell regions. Under the assumption of a coupling structure similar to that in the standard model, the Higgs boson width is constrained to be 3.2+2.8−2.2 MeV while the expected constraint based on simulation is 4.1+5.0−4.0 MeV. The constraints on the width remain similar with the inclusion of the tested anomalous HVV interactions.
Systematic bias due to mismodeling precessing binary black hole ringdown
Foo, Cheng; Hamilton, Eleanor (2024)
Physical Review D
Accurate waveform modeling is crucial for parameter estimation in gravitational wave astronomy, impacting our understanding of source properties and the testing of general relativity. The precession of orbital and spin angular momenta in binary black hole (BBH) systems with misaligned spins presents a complex challenge for gravitational waveform modeling. Current precessing BBH waveform models employ a coprecessing frame, which precesses along with the binary. In this paper, we investigate a source of bias stemming from the mismodeling of ringdown frequency in the coprecessing frame. We find that this mismodeling of the coprecessing frame ringdown frequency introduces systematic biases in parameter estimation, for high-mass systems in particular, and in the inspiral-merger-ringdown (IMR)-consistency test of general relativity. Employing the waveform model imrphenomxphm, we conduct an IMR-consistency test using a Fisher matrix analysis across parameter space, as well as full injected signal parameter estimation studies. Our results show that this mismodeling particularly affects BBH systems with high-mass ratios, high-spin magnitudes, and highly inclined spins. These findings suggest inconsistencies for all waveform models which do not address this issue.
Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Simulation-based cosmological inference with wavelet harmonics, scattering transforms, and moments of weak lensing mass maps. II. cosmological results
Gatti, Marco; Campailla, Giulia; Jeffrey, Niall; et al. (2025)
Physical Review D
We present a simulation-based cosmological analysis using a combination of Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistics of the weak lensing mass (convergence) maps from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey. We implement the following: (1) second and third moments; (2) wavelet phase harmonics; (3) the scattering transform. Our analysis is fully based on simulations, spans a space of seven w Cold Dark Matter (wCDM) cosmological parameters, and forward models the most relevant sources of systematics inherent in the data: masks, noise variations, clustering of the sources, intrinsic alignments, and shear and redshift calibration. We implement a neural network compression of the summary statistics, and we estimate the parameter posteriors using a simulation-based inference approach. Including and combining different non-Gaussian statistics is a powerful tool that strongly improves constraints over Gaussian statistics (in our case, the second moments); in particular, the figure of merit (S$_8$,$\Omega$$_m$) is improved by 70% (ΛCDM) and 90% (wCDM). When all the summary statistics are combined, we achieve a 2% constraint on the amplitude of fluctuations parameter S$_8$ $\equiv$ σ$_8$($\Omega$$_m$/0.3)$^{0.5}$, obtaining S$_8$ = 0.794 ± 0.017 (ΛCDM) and S$_8$ = 0.817 ± 0.021 (wCDM), and a ∼10% constraint on $\Omega$$_m$, obtaining $\Omega$$_m$ = 0.259 ± 0.025 (ΛCDM) and $\Omega$$_m$ = 0.273 ± 0.029 (wCDM). In the context of the wCDM scenario, these statistics also strengthen the constraints on the parameter w, obtaining w < -0.72. The constraints from different statistics are shown to be internally consistent (with a p-value > 0.1 for all combinations of statistics examined). We compare our results to other weak lensing results from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey data, finding good consistency; we also compare with results from external datasets, such as Planck constraints from the cosmic microwave background, finding statistical agreement, with discrepancies no greater than <2.2σ.
Topological mass generation and 2-forms
Beltran Almeida, Juan P.; Guarnizo, Alejandro; Heisenberg, Lavinia; et al. (2020)
Physical Review D
In this work we revisit the topological mass generation of 2-forms and establish a connection to the unique derivative coupling arising in the quartic Lagrangian of the systematic construction of massive 2-form interactions, relating in this way BF theories to Galileon-like theories of 2-forms. In terms of a massless 1-form A and a massless 2-form B, the topological term manifests itself as the interaction B∧F, where F=dA is the field strength of the 1-form. Such an interaction leads to a mechanism of generation of mass, usually referred to as “topological generation of mass” in which the single degree of freedom propagated by the 2-form is absorbed by the 1-form, generating a massive mode for the 1-form. Using the systematical construction in terms of the Levi-Civita tensor, it was shown that, apart from the quadratic and quartic Lagrangians, Galileon-like derivative self-interactions for the massive 2-form do not exist. A unique quartic Lagrangian εμνρσεαβγσ∂μBαρ∂νBβγ arises in this construction in a way that it corresponds to a total derivative on its own but ceases to be so once an overall general function is introduced. We show that it exactly corresponds to the same interaction of topological mass generation. Based on the decoupling limit analysis of the interactions, we make supporting arguments for the uniqueness of such a topological mass term and absence of the Galileon-like interactions. Finally, we discuss some preliminary applications in cosmology.
Entanglement entropy of cosmological perturbations
Brahma, Suddhasattwa; Alaryani, Omar; Brandenberger, Robert (2020)
Physical Review D
We show that the entropy of cosmological perturbations originating as quantum vacuum fluctuations in the very early universe, including the contribution of the leading nonlinear interactions, can be viewed as momentum space entanglement entropy between sub- and super-Hubble modes. The interactions between these modes cause decoherence of the super-Hubble fluctuations which, in turn, leads to a nonvanishing entropy of the reduced density matrix corresponding to the super-Hubble inhomogeneities. In particular, applying this to inflationary cosmology reveals that the entanglement entropy produced by leading order nonlinearities dominates over that coming from the squeezing of the vacuum state unless inflation lasts for a very short period. Furthermore, demanding that this entanglement entropy be smaller than the thermal entropy at the beginning of the radiation phase of standard cosmology leads to an upper bound on the duration of inflation which is similar to what is obtained from the trans-Planckian censorship conjecture.
Model breaking measure for cosmological surveys
Amara, Adam; Refregier, Alexandre (2014)
Physical Review D

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