Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Journal: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Abbreviation

Agric. for. meteorol.

Publisher

Elsevier

ISSN

0168-1923
1873-2240

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Publications 1 - 10 of 111

Relationship of leaf elongation rate of young wheat leaves, gross primary productivity and environmental variables in the field with hourly and daily temporal resolution
Merz, Quirina Noëmi; Walter, Achim; Maier, Regine; et al. (2022)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Plant growth is controlled by an interplay of internal and external factors. The production of biomass via photosynthesis is dependent on the plant response to environmental variables such as temperature, vapour pressure deficit and light intensity. Short-term responses of plant growth to these variables at fine temporal scales of hours are not well investigated, especially under field conditions. The present study explores the relationship between leaf elongation rate (LER) of young wheat leaves in the field in very high temporal resolution (minutes). Turbulent fluxes of CO2 were measured with the eddy covariance technique and used to derive GPP, and environmental variables such as air and soil temperature, short wave radiation and vapour pressure deficit were simultaneously measured. The analysis revealed the importance of different variables on different temporal scales (hourly, daily). On an hourly scale, GPP and shortwave radiation explain most of the variance of LER, however on a daily scale, air temperature is the main driver. A cross-correlation analysis confirmed that the strongest immediate relationship can be found between LER and GPP and incoming shortwave radiation; variables that are determining photosynthesis. In principal, LER also shows the same diurnal patterns as air temperature and soil temperature, however air and soil temperature lag behind LER. Multivariate growth models show that combinations with GPP or incoming shortwave radiation and air temperature perform best. These results indicate that short term growth processes in young wheat leaves in the field are mainly controlled by incoming shortwave radiation, while the magnitude of growth is controlled by temperature.
The clockwork of spring: bud dormancy timing as a driver of spring leaf-out in temperate deciduous trees
Malyshev, Andrey V.; Beil, Ilka; Zohner, Constantin; et al. (2024)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
The initiation of spring leaf-out is a critical determinant of the growing season in trees, affecting primary production and species interactions in forest ecosystems. Variations in the timing of leaf-out among tree species are linked to their differential progression of bud dormancy. However, identifying reliable markers for bud dormancy has been challenging, leaving the connection between the timing of autumn leaf senescence, bud dormancy and spring leaf-out unclear. To test whether species initiating dormancy release earlier also exhibit earlier leaf senescence in autumn and earlier leaf-out in spring, we estimated the dates of peak dormancy depth (PDD), senescence timing and spring leaf-out across various species, locations and experimental conditions in Central Europe. PDD was defined as the date when the maximum thermal sum was required for leaf-out, whereas leaf senescence was assessed through the decrease in leaf greenness. Our findings reveal that PDD timing is a more accurate predictor of species-level differences in spring leaf-out dates than the timing of leaf senescence, the latter being a poor proxy for PDD. The observed temporal asynchrony between PDD and senescence was linked to dormancy induction showing species-specific sensitivity to temperature variations. Conversely, the timing of leaf senescence showed a consistent reaction to temperature changes across all species. These findings suggest that the physiological processes within buds and leaves during autumn are governed by distinct environmental cues, with the bud dormancy process serving as a more reliable predictor of spring phenological differences among forest tree species than does autumn leaf senescence.
Diverging trends in plant phenology and productivity across European mountains in a warming world
Andreatta , Davide; Buchmann, Nina; Jucker , Tommaso; et al. (2025)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Global warming is affecting phenology and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, with large implications for carbon cycling. However, how plant phenological trends are shifting in climatically heterogenous mountains, and how these trends affect ecosystem productivity remains unclear. Using moderate resolution satellite data (500 m), we analyzed differences in phenological trends and productivity between vegetation types and along elevation in Europe's major mountain ranges between 2001 and 2023. End-of-season shifts outpaced start-of-season changes in broadleaved forests (+0.15 vs. -0.05 d y⁻¹), while patterns in natural grasslands were opposite (+0.03 vs. -0.23 d y⁻¹). The magnitude of these shifts varied significantly with elevation: grassland spring phenology consistently advanced more at high than at low elevations, while broadleaved forest spring phenology exhibited mountain range-specific elevation responses—advancing more at low than at high elevations in the Alps and in the Carpathians, but not in the Pyrenees and in the Scandinavian Mountains. Autumn phenology of broadleaved forests showed greater delays at high than at low elevations, likely due to spring and summer droughts. Climate anomalies, calculated as Z-scores across the 23-year time-series, predicted phenological anomalies well (max R² = 0.51), although trends in climate over 23 years and phenological variables were related only weakly (max R² = 0.27), suggesting that plants adjusted to long-term differently than to short-term climate change. Growing season length (GSL) was strongly coupled with productivity (max R² = 0.60), especially in “cold-limited” vegetation. Nonetheless, temporal trends in GSL and productivity were not related (R² < 0.03). In the last 23 years, GSL significantly increased in only 22 % of forest and 16 % of grassland pixels, but productivity in 20 % of forest and 53 % of grassland pixels. Our results suggested that factors beyond GSL affect ecosystem productivity, indicating that longer growing seasons will not necessarily translate into increasing productivity across European mountains.
Novel forest structure metrics from airborne LiDAR data for improved snow interception estimation
Moeser, D.; Morsdorf, F.; Jonas, T. (2015)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
A fault-tolerant eddy covariance system for measuring CH4 fluxes
Eugster, Werner; Plüss, Peter (2010)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Climate warming, rather than nitrogen deposition, reduces plant diversity and increases community homogenization in a desert steppe
Zhu , Yi; Han , Guodong; Pellissier, Loïc; et al. (2026)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
It is still unclear how increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, climate warming, and their interaction affect biotic impoverishment (decreases in α-diversity) and homogenization (decreases in β-diversity) of plant communities at taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic levels. To address this, we conducted a long-term (17-year) field experiment in Inner Mongolia's temperate desert steppe to investigate the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on plant taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic α- and β-diversity. Over this period (2006–2022), warming (mean annual temperature + 1.4 °C) significantly decreased species richness and functional α-diversity throughout the experiment, whereas its effects on phylogenetic α-diversity and community phylogenetic structure were significant only before 2015 and disappeared thereafter, likely due to an extreme drought that reset the community composition. In contrast, β-diversity steadily declined over the entire period. These dynamics led to a shift in the community phylogenetic structure from overdispersion towards randomness during the first 10 years. Nitrogen addition (10 g m² yr^-1) had no significant impact on diversity at the functional and phylogenetic levels but increased β-diversity at the taxonomic level. Our findings reveal that relatively rare species were more likely to go extinct, while species with higher leaf nitrogen concentrations were more prone to colonization, and these patterns were observed across all treatments. These findings suggest that warming can contribute to biotic impoverishment and homogenization by causing the extinction of species distantly related to the resident community.
Mechanisms of water supply and vegetation demand govern the seasonality and magnitude of evapotranspiration in Amazonia and Cerrado
Christoffersen, Bradley O.; Poulter, Benjamin; et al. (2014)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Application of a quantum cascade laser-based spectrometer in a closed chamber system for real-time delta C-13 and delta O-18 measurements of soil-respired CO2
Kammer, Adrian; Tuzson, Béla; Emmenegger, Lukas; et al. (2011)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Effect of clearcut harvesting on the carbon balance of a Douglas-fir forest
Paul-Limoges, E.; Black, T.A.; Christen, A.; et al. (2015)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
Global comparison of light use efficiency models for simulating terrestrial vegetation gross primary production based on the LaThuile database
Yuan, Wenping; Merbold, Lutz; et al. (2014)
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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