Stanisa Raspopovic

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Raspopovic

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Stanisa

ORCID

0000-0003-0567-9051

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Publications 1 - 10 of 69

Brain-Computer Interface to Deliver Individualized Multisensory Intervention for Neuropathic Pain
Aurucci, Giuseppe Valerio; Preatoni, Greta; Damiani, Arianna; et al. (2023)
Neurotherapeutics
To unravel the complexity of the neuropathic pain experience, researchers have tried to identify reliable pain signatures (biomarkers) using electroencephalography (EEG) and skin conductance (SC). Nevertheless, their use as a clinical aid to design personalized therapies remains scarce and patients are prescribed with common and inefficient painkillers. To address this need, novel non-pharmacological interventions, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to activate peripheral pain relief via neuromodulation and virtual reality (VR) to modulate patients' attention, have emerged. However, all present treatments suffer from the inherent bias of the patient's self-reported pain intensity, depending on their predisposition and tolerance, together with unspecific, pre-defined scheduling of sessions which does not consider the timing of pain episodes onset. Here, we show a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) detecting in real-time neurophysiological signatures of neuropathic pain from EEG combined with SC and accordingly triggering a multisensory intervention combining TENS and VR. After validating that the multisensory intervention effectively decreased experimentally induced pain, the BCI was tested with thirteen healthy subjects by electrically inducing pain and showed 82% recall in decoding pain in real time. Such constructed BCI was then validated with eight neuropathic patients reaching 75% online pain precision, and consequently releasing the intervention inducing a significant decrease (50% NPSI score) in neuropathic patients' pain perception. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of real-time pain detection from objective neurophysiological signals, and the effectiveness of a triggered combination of VR and TENS to decrease neuropathic pain. This paves the way towards personalized, data-driven pain therapies using fully portable technologies.
Neurorobotics for neurorehabilitation
Raspopovic, Stanisa (2021)
Science
Cortical plasticity after hand prostheses use: Is the hypothesis of deafferented cortex “invasion” always true?
Granata, Giuseppe; Valle, Giacomo; Di Iorio, Riccardo; et al. (2020)
Clinical Neurophysiology
Objective To study motor cortex plasticity after a period of training with a new prototype of bidirectional hand prosthesis in three left trans-radial amputees, correlating these changes with the modification of Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) in the same period. Methods Each subject underwent a brain motor mapping with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and PLP evaluation with questionnaires during a six-month training with a prototype of bidirectional hand prosthesis. Results The baseline motor maps showed in all three amputees a smaller area of muscles representation of the amputated side compared to the intact limb. After training, there was a partial reversal of the baseline asymmetry. The two subjects affected by PLP experienced a statistically significant reduction of pain. Conclusions Two apparently opposite findings, the invasion of the “deafferented” cortex by neighbouring areas and the “persistence” of neural structures after amputation, could vary according to different target used for measurement. Our results do not support a correlation between PLP and motor cortical changes. Significance The selection of the target and of the task is essential for studies investigating motor brain plasticity. This study boosts against a direct and unique role of motor cortical changes on PLP genesis. © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Restoring Natural Sensory Feedback in Real-Time Bidirectional Hand Prostheses
Raspopovic, Stanisa; Capogrosso, Marco; Petrini, Francesco M.; et al. (2014)
Science Translational Medicine
A Psychometric Platform to Collect Somatosensory Sensations for Neuroprosthetic Use
Valle, Giacomo; Iberite, Francesco; Strauss, Ivo; et al. (2021)
Frontiers in Medical Technology
Somatosensory neuroprostheses exploit invasive and non-invasive feedback technologies to restore sensorimotor functions lost to disease or trauma. These devices use electrical stimulation to communicate sensory information to the brain. A sensation characterization procedure is thus necessary to determine the appropriate stimulation parameters and to establish a clear personalized map of the sensations that can be restored. Several questionnaires have been described in the literature to collect the quality, type, location, and intensity of the evoked sensations, but there is still no standard psychometric platform. Here, we propose a new psychometric system containing previously validated questionnaires on evoked sensations, which can be applied to any kind of somatosensory neuroprosthesis. The platform collects stimulation parameters used to elicit sensations and records subjects' percepts in terms of sensation location, type, quality, perceptual threshold, and intensity. It further collects data using standardized assessment questionnaires and scales, performs measurements over time, and collects phantom limb pain syndrome data. The psychometric platform is user-friendly and provides clinicians with all the information needed to assess the sensory feedback. The psychometric platform was validated with three trans-radial amputees. The platform was used to assess intraneural sensory feedback provided through implanted peripheral nerve interfaces. The proposed platform could act as a new standardized assessment toolbox to homogenize the reporting of results obtained with different technologies in the field of somatosensory neuroprosthetics.
Symbiotic electroneural and musculoskeletal framework to encode proprioception via neurostimulation: ProprioStim
Cimolato, Andrea; Ciotti, Federico; Kljajic, Jelena; et al. (2023)
iScience
Peripheral nerve stimulation in amputees achieved the restoration of touch, but not proprioception, which is critical in locomotion. A plausible reason is the lack of means to artificially replicate the complex activity of proprioceptors. To uncover this, we coupled neuromuscular models from ten subjects and nerve histologies from two implanted amputees to develop ProprioStim: a framework to encode proprioception by electrical evoking neural activity in close agreement with natural proprioceptive activity. We demonstrated its feasibility through non-invasive stimulation on seven healthy subjects comparing it with standard linear charge encoding. Results showed that ProprioStim multichannel stimulation was felt more natural, and hold promises for increasing accuracy in knee angle tracking, especially in future implantable solutions. Additionally, we quantified the importance of realistic 3D-nerve models against extruded models previously adopted for further design and validation of novel neurostimulation encoding strategies. ProprioStim provides clear guidelines for the development of neurostimulation policies restoring natural proprioception.
Brain reactions to the use of sensorized hand prosthesis in amputees
Granata, Giuseppe; Di Iorio, Riccardo; Miraglia, Francesca; et al. (2020)
Brain and Behavior
Objective We investigated for the first time the presence of chronic changes in the functional organization of sensorimotor brain areas induced by prolonged training with a bidirectional hand prosthesis. Methods A multimodal neurophysiological and neuroimaging evaluation of brain functional changes occurring during training in five consecutive amputees participating to experimental trials with robotic hands over a period of 10 years was carried out. In particular, modifications to the functional anatomy of sensorimotor brain areas under resting conditions were explored in order to check for eventual changes with respect to baseline. Results Full evidence is provided to demonstrate brain functional changes, and some of them in both the hemispheres and others restricted to the hemisphere contralateral to the amputation/prosthetic hand. Conclusions The study describes a unique experimental experience showing that brain reactions to the prolonged use of an artificial hand can be tracked for a tailored approach to a fully embedded artificial upper limb for future chronic uses in daily activities.
Adaptive electrical stimulation of spinal locomotor networks controls foot trajectory in spinal rats
Wenger, Nikolaus; Moraud, E. Martin; Raspopovic, Stanisa; et al. (2012)
Modern approaches of signal processing for bidirectional neural interfaces
Cimolato, Andrea; Katic, Natalija; Raspopovic, Stanisa (2021)
Somatosensory Feedback for Neuroprosthetics ~ Somatosensory Feedback for Neuroprosthetics
Designing a reliable closed-loop system that would bidirectionally interface with the central and peripheral nervous system represents a major objective for the optimal control of neuroprosthetic devices and neurorehabilitative procedures. For using invasive neural electrodes, in particular, signal processing has been a key component to overcome specific hardware limitations in recording such as telemetry bandwidth, limited number of electrode active sites, and fibrotic tissue formation. Moreover, advances in data processing, such as machine learning and model-driven approaches, have been proposed to address more profound issues in restoring complex somatosensory sensations. Difficulty of targeting different combinations and types of neurons individually and independently, as well as inadequate knowledge about certain synaptic interactions, specific neural organization, and the role of these factors in perception and motor control, remain the biggest obstacles in neuroprostheses. Therefore this chapter introduces modern approaches and future applications of advanced signal processing techniques for neural invasive electrodes for bidirectional neural interfaces.
Multisensory bionic limb to achieve prosthesis embodiment and reduce distorted phantom limb perceptions
Rognini, Giulio; Petrini, Francesco M.; Raspopovic, Stanisa; et al. (2019)
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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