Eduard Kissling

Last Name

Kissling

First Name

Eduard

ORCID

0000-0001-9575-7951

Organisational unit

03476 - Giardini, Domenico / Giardini, Domenico

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Publications1 - 10 of 125

Detection of Systematic Errors in Travel-Time Data Using a Minimum 1D Model
Maurer, V.; Kissling, Eduard; Husen, S.; et al. (2010)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Lower-crustal strength under the Dead Sea basin from local earthquake data and rheological modeling
Aldersons, F.; Ben-Avraham, Z.; Hofstetter, A.; et al. (2003)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
A Review of How Our Understanding on the Relationships between the Alps and the North Alpine Foreland Basin has Evolved
Schlunegger, Fritz; Kissling, Eduard (2024)
Geodynamics of the Alps 3: Collisional Processes
The North Alpine foreland basin or the Molasse basin that is situated on the northern side of the Alps has experienced a long history of research on its stratigraphic architecture, chronological framework, facies relationships, paleontological records and the provenance of its clastic material. Among these efforts, the most emphasis has been placed upon analyzing the Molasse basin as part of the Alpine orogenesis. This chapter recasts the history of research of the Molasse foreland basin, and explains why particular mechanisms and the collection of related datasets have enjoyed more attention than others. It provides an overview of the sedimentary basins surrounding the Alps and discusses the stratigraphic development of the Molasse basin. Finally, the chapter ends with a call for a more careful exploration of how slab scale processes could have driven not only the development of the Alps, but also that of the Molasse basin.
Wasser im tieferen Erdinnern
Giardini, Domenico; Kissling, Eduard (2004)
Bulletin: Magazin der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich
Overdeepenings in the Swiss plateau: U-shaped geometries underlain by inner gorges
Bandou, Dimitri; Schlunegger, Fritz; Kissling, Eduard; et al. (2023)
Swiss Journal of Geosciences
We investigated the mechanisms leading to the formation of tunnel valleys in the Swiss foreland near Bern. We proceeded through producing 3D maps of the bedrock topography based on drillhole information and a new gravimetric survey combined with modelling. In this context, the combination of information about the densities of the sedimentary fill and of the bedrock, together with published borehole data and the results of gravity surveys along 11 profiles across the valleys, served as input for the application of our 3D gravity modelling software referred to as PRISMA. This ultimately allowed us to model the gravity effect of the Quaternary fill of the overdeepenings and to produce cross-sectional geometries of these troughs. The results show that 2–3 km upstream of the city of Bern, the overdeepenings are approximately 3 km wide. They are characterized by steep to oversteepened lateral flanks and a wide flat base, which we consider as a U-shaped cross-sectional geometry. There, the maximum residual gravity anomaly ranges between − 3 to − 4 mGal for the Aare valley, which is the main overdeepening of the region. Modelling shows that this corresponds to a depression, which reaches a depth of c. 300 m a.s.l. Farther downstream approaching Bern, the erosional trough narrows by c. 1 km, and the base gets shallower by c. 100 m as revealed by drillings. This is supported by the results of our gravity surveys, which disclose a lower maximum gravity effect of c. − 0.8 to − 1.3 mGal. Interestingly, in the Bern city area, these shallow troughs with maximum gravity anomalies ranging from − 1.4 to − 1.8 mGal are underlain by one or multiple inner gorges, which are at least 100 m deep (based on drilling information) and only a few tens of meters wide (disclosed by gravity modelling). At the downstream end of the Bern area, we observe that the trough widens from 2 km at the northern border of Bern to c. 4 km approximately 2 km farther downstream, while the bottom still reaches c. 300 to 200 m a.s.l. Our gravity survey implies that this change is associated with an increase in the maximum residual anomaly, reaching values of − 2.5 mGal. Interestingly, the overdeepening’s cross-sectional geometry in this area has steeply dipping flanks converging to a narrow base, which we consider as V-shaped. We attribute this shape to erosion by water either underneath or at the snout of a glacier, forming a gorge. This narrow bedrock depression was subsequently widened by glacial carving. In this context, strong glacial erosion upstream of the Bern area appears to have overprinted these traces. In contrast, beneath the city of Bern and farther downstream these V-shaped features have been preserved. Available chronological data suggest that the formation of this gorge occurred prior to MIS 8 and possibly during the aftermath of one of the largest glaciations when large fluxes of meltwater resulted in the fluvial carving into the bedrock.
A new absolute arrival time data set for Europe
Amaru, M. L.; Spakman, W.; Villaseñor, A.; et al. (2008)
Geophysical Journal International
Bimodal Slip Segmentation of the SW Hellenic Megathrust Revealed by the Mw 6.8 Methoni Earthquake Sequence and Tomography
Sachpazi, Maria; Kapetanidis, Vasilis; Laigle, Mireille; et al. (2025)
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
The influence of geological and structural heterogeneity on the megathrust slip behavior in subduction zones has been widely discussed for both the lower- and upper-plates. In this work, we present OBS local earthquake tomography on the outer forearc domain of the SW Hellenic subduction zone performed with the aftershocks of the 2008 M_w 6.8 Methoni subduction event. The latter initiated at a trench-normal sub-vertical slab tearing fault and we explore here the potential role of upper-plate structural heterogeneity. Our results reveal the contrasted nature of juxtaposed forearc upper-crustal blocks on top of the megathrust down to 30 km depth, inherited from the evolution of the Hellenic accretionary margin, and possibly laterally separated by nappe's contacts. The rupture extent of the mainshock and its major M_w 6.5 aftershock correlate with the low- and high-P-velocity crustal blocks and the sharp contact in between, and is downward limited by the 27–30 km deep mid/lower crust boundary. We propose a slip segmentation of the SW Hellenic megathrust that may result in moderate-size earthquakes controlled by (a) the small-scale upper-plate segmentation by crustal tectonic discontinuities and (b) the larger-scale lateral segmentation of the lower plate by trench-normal active slab tearing which reduces the occurrence probability of M > 7 earthquakes. However, our results do not preclude the occurrence of mega events; rather, they suggest that these may be less frequent or require specific conditions to rupture through segment boundaries. The correlation between crustal aftershock activity and Vp heterogeneity highlights the active internal imbrication of the upper plate. Inherited crustal blocks' scale architecture constitutes a possibly crucial factor that impacts megathrust seismic behavior, making it a key element for improving our understanding of seismic hazard at subduction zones.
High-precision earthquake locations in Switzerland using regional secondary arrivals in a 3-D velocity model
Wagner, Michael; Husen, Stephan; Lomax, Antony; et al. (2013)
Geophysical Journal International
Four-dimensional numerical modeling of crustal growth at active continental margins
Zhu, Guizhi; Gerya, Taras; Tackley, Paul J.; et al. (2013)
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Crustal growth and topography development in subduction-related arcs are intimately related to magmatic processes and melt production above subducting slabs. Lateral and temporal variations in crustal thickness and composition have been observed in nature, but until now no integrated approach has been developed to comprehensively understand magmatic activity in subduction-related arcs. Here we investigate the 4-D spatial, temporal, and compositional character of continental crustal growth at active margins using a new 4-D (space-time) petrological-thermomechanical numerical model of a subduction-related magmatic arc. Based on a series of numerical experiments, we demonstrate that crustal growth inside the arc is inherently clustered in both space and time. The characteristic wavelength of variations in crustal thickness and topography along the arc is on the order of 30–80 km and is comparable to volcano clustering in natural arcs. The clusters of new crust are formed mainly by basaltic melt episodically extracted from partially molten peridotite due to lateral variation of water release and transport in the mantle wedge. Melts derived from subducted oceanic crust and sediments could contribute up to 15–50 vol% to the arc crust growth and their relative proportion is maximal at the onset of subduction. The total amount of newly formed crust correlates mainly with the amount of convergence since the beginning of subduction and is not strongly influenced by the plate convergence velocity. Indeed, slower subduction and lower melt extraction efficiency helps partially molten sediments and oceanic crust to be transported into the mantle wedge by hydrated, partially molten diapiric structures. For the modeled regime of stable subduction, the maximum crustal additional rate (25–40 km³/km/Myr) occurs when the amount of convergence reaches around 700 km. Mantle wedge structures developed in our models correlate well with available geophysical (seismological) observations for the Alaskan subduction zone. In particular, partially molten mantle plumes found in our models could explain low seismic anomalies in the mantle wedge, whereas mobile water and water release patterns could reflect paths and sources for magmatic activity evidenced by seismic b-value and Vp/Vs ratio analysis.
Automatic S-wave picker for local earthquake tomography
Diehl, T.; Deichmann, N.; Kissling, Eduard; et al. (2009)
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Eduard Kissling

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