Jared Garrison

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Garrison

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Jared

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0000-0003-0398-3623

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Publications 1 - 10 of 15

Flexibility provision from electromobility and buildings - Synthesis Report
PATHFNDR Consortium; Aliana, Arnau; Bellizio, Federica; et al. (2025)
Switzerland’s energy transition relies on electrifying transportation and heating while keeping electricity generation low in greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring grid stability. The required energy system flexibility will still be provided mainly by hydropower. However, additional valuable demand-side flexibility could be provided by electric vehicles and heat pumps by shifting their consumption to align with renewable energy generation. This report evaluates the role of electric vehicle and heat pump flexibility by synthesizing research from across the PATHFNDR project consortium. The report thus quantifies these technologies' potential flexibility and value in supporting both the transmission and distribution systems and assesses existing and required market and policy mechanisms to unlock their full benefits. New scenario-based modelling results show that flexibility provision from electric vehicles and heat pumps can reduce system costs, defer network upgrade investments, lower electricity prices and imports, and reduce curtailment of renewable energy by better aligning demand with surplus generation. Electric vehicle smart charging and vehicle-to-grid can act as energy storage, which shift or discharge electricity to support the grid. Heat pump demand can be shifted using thermal inertia and thermal energy storage to reduce peak demand and stabilize the grid. At distribution level, flexibility-aware planning can reduce or defer low- and medium-voltage grid upgrades with minimal PV energy loss. Our research also finds that enabling flexibility-readiness through supportive policy and market mechanisms are critical for effective demand-side management. Some mechanisms are already in place, such as contracts with dynamic pricing, direct load control, and subsidies for smart charging and vehicle-to-grid infrastructure. However, further policies, changes to regulation, and owner/user acceptance are needed. Surveys of the Swiss public show that support for flexible EV charging and heat pump operation is high, indicating readiness for further policy and market changes supporting flexibility and renewable energy integration. Unlocking this flexibility will improve Switzerland’s energy resilience and sustainability while empowering consumers to participate actively in grid management. Future research should focus on scalable implementation and deployment: exploring business models for flexibility provision, evaluating new policy incentives, and demonstrating the use of flexibility at scale.
The Value of Flexibility in a Carbon Neutral Power System
Raycheva, Elena; Garrison, Jared; Schaffner, Christian; et al. (2022)
Nexus-e: Scenario Results Report
Garrison, Jared; Gjorgiev, Blazhe; Han, Xuejiao; et al. (2020)
Policy changes in the energy sector result in wide-ranging implications throughout the entire energy system and influence all sectors of the economy. Due partly to the high complexity of combining separate models, few attempts have been undertaken to model the interactions between the components of the energy-economic system. The Nexus-e Integrated Energy Systems Modeling Platform aims to fill this gap by providing an interdisciplinary framework of modules that are linked through well-defined interfaces to holistically analyze and understand the impacts of future developments in the energy system. This platform combines bottom-up and top-down energy modeling approaches to represent a much broader scope of the energy-economic system than traditional stand-alone modeling approaches. In Phase 1 of this project, the objective is to develop a novel tool for the analysis of the Swiss electricity system. This study illustrates the capabilities of Nexus-e in answering the crucial questions of how centralized and distributed flexibility technologies could be deployed in the Swiss electricity system and how they would impact the traditional operation of the system. The aim of the analysis is not policy advice, as some critical developments like the European net-zero emissions goal are not yet included in the scenarios, but rather to illustrate the unique capabilities of the Nexus-e modeling framework. To answer these questions, consistent technical representations of a wide spectrum of current and novel energy supply, demand, and storage technologies are needed as well as a thorough economic evaluation of different investment incentives and the impact investments have on the wider economy. Moreover, these aspects need to be combined with modeling of the long- and short-term electricity market structures and electricity networks. This report illustrates the capabilities of the Nexus-e platform. The Nexus-e Platform consists of five interlinked modules: 1. General Equilibrium Module for Electricity (GemEl): a computable general equilibrium (CGE) module of the Swiss economy, 2. Centralized Investments Module (CentIv): a grid-constrained capacity expansion planning module considering system flexibility requirements, 3. Distributed Investments Module (DistIv): a generation expansion planning module of distributed energy resources, 4. Electricity Market Module (eMark): a market-based dispatch module for determining generator production schedules and electricity market prices, 5. Network Security and Expansion Module (Cascades): a power system security assessment and transmission system expansion planning module. This report presents the results on how centralized and distributed technologies can address the increasing need for flexibility in the Swiss electricity system and how this affects the traditional operation of existing power generation units. We use the Nexus-e platform to simulate three scenarios: The Baseline scenario includes the projected development of techno-economic parameters (e.g., runtime of 50 years for Swiss nuclear power plants) and the status quo of the Swiss legislative and regulatory framework (e.g., financial subsidies for PV systems). The Nuclear-60 scenario reflects the discussion on the nuclear power exit and assumes that nuclear power plants are phased-out after a lifetime of 60 years. The High-Flexibility scenario reflects the discussion on the impact and value of an increased supply of distributed flexibility in the power system and assumes low battery costs and high demandside management potential.It is important to note that net-zero emissions targets (for Switzerland or the surrounding countries currently modeled) are not included in any of the simulated scenarios. Our results show that the nuclear phase-out is achieved alongside substantial investments in new photovoltaic (PV) capacities without causing serious problems matching the supply of electricity with demand. This transition occurs along with some additional investments in biomass and PV-batteries, but no investment in wind power or grid-batteries. The ending of investment subsidies after 2030 reduces the attractiveness of new PV capacities in 2040, but decreasing PV prices spur PV installations in 2050. By 2050, PV is responsible for the largest share (i.e., 32.6-35.5%) of electricity consumption, followed by hydro dam (26.0-28.3%) and hydro run of river (RoR) (15.9-17.4%). Additionally, as nuclear gets phased out, imports become a larger contributor to the supply of electricity in Switzerland providing up to 5.7% of the demand in 2050. Critical, however, is the time between 2030-2040, when the stagnating PV capacity cannot substitute nuclear phase-out fully, resulting in substantially higher net imports of up to 16.5% of the annual demand. Please note that all results presented in this report are subject to pronounced uncertainties and assumptions. Furthermore, the scenarios are illustrative and the results should be interpreted as indicating differences in the trends between scenarios and not interpreted as predictions. Therefore, we do not claim that the current legislative and regulatory framework is sufficient to achieve the renewable energy source (RES) targets. In light of the transition away from nuclear capacities and toward PV capacities, there is an increasing need for flexibility across a wide range of timescales from seasonal to sub-hourly. By utilizing a comprehensive representation of the energy system, the Nexus-e platform assesses how these flexibility needs are supplied, namely through a combination of: capacities in the centralized Swiss generation fleet, imports and exports, and added capacities in the distribution system. First, the seasonality of the net load increases as the PV penetration level grows, indicating the need for higher seasonal flexibility, which is addressed by a greater seasonal reliance on net imports and hydro dams. Second, the increasingly dynamic pattern of the net load on an hourly and daily basis, which emphasizes the need for fast ramping flexible capacities, is mostly covered by rapid changes from imports and exports and hydro dams. To a lesser extent, hydro pumps, hydro RoRs, PV-batteries, and demand-side management (DSM) also react rapidly to help provide the necessary supply. Additionally, higher shares of flexible PV-batteries and DSM resources successfully smooth the hourly net load and thus reduce the reliance on imports/exports for hourly flexibility. Third, tertiary reserve requirements, needed to balance the sub-hourly deviations, increase from year-to-year as new PV investments are added and are supplied by the existing Swiss dispatchable capacities. Fourth, increasing the share of non-dispatchable units has a negative effect on the system security and thus contributes to the risk of systemic failures, but this risk can be addressed with only a couple of transmission line upgrades. PV-batteries and DSM can even further reduce such risk and strengthen system security. The Nexus-e platform is a unique and powerful tool to quantify a wide range of impacts for possible future paths of the Swiss energy system. First of all, it combines bottom-up and top-down energy modeling approaches and thus represents a broader scope of the energy-economic system. This combination accounts for the complexity and interplay of energy demand-supply, macro energy-economic factors, and energy policy drivers across multiple time-scales and levels of aggregation. In terms of the modeled network levels, Nexus-e represents both the centralized and distributed levels of the energy system, which enables us to holistically assess the supply of flexibility across Switzerland at both regional and national scales. Also, Nexus-e is able to conduct simulations with a high-time resolution. The capability of modeling hourly dynamics allows us to capture new behaviors of hydro pumps, battery storage system (BSS), and DSM, which is critical for modeling the short-term demand and supply of flexibility. With such a comprehensive representation, we are able to show that Switzerland could achieve both the nuclear phase-out and RES targets while supplying sufficient flexibility and maintaining system security.
Techno-economic analysis of PV-battery systems in Switzerland
Han, Xuejiao; Garrison, Jared; Hug, Gabriela (2022)
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
This paper presents a techno-economic optimization model to analyze the economic viability of a photovoltaic battery (PVB) system for different residential customer groups in Switzerland clustered based on their annual electricity consumption, rooftop size, annual irradiation and location. The simulations for a static investment model are carried out for years 2020–2050 and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the impacts of individual parameters such as costs, load profiles, electricity prices and tariffs, etc. Results show that while combining photovoltaic (PV) with batteries already results in better net present values than PV alone for some residential customer groups today, the payback periods fluctuate between 2020 and 2035 due to the mixed effects of policy changes, costs and electricity price developments. The optimal PV and battery sizes increase over time and in 2050 the PV investment is mostly limited by the rooftop size. The economic viability of PVB system investments varies between different residential customer groups and the most attractive investment (i.e., that has the shortest payback period) is mostly accessible to residential customer groups with higher annual irradiation and electricity demand. In addition, investment decisions are highly sensitive to payback periods, future costs, electricity prices and tariff developments.
Benefit Analysis of a Hybrid HVAC/HVDC Transmission Line: a Swiss Case Study
Stanojev, Ognjen; Garrison, Jared; Hedtke, Sören; et al. (2019)
2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech
The role of hydrogen storage in an electricity system with large hydropower resources
Gabrielli, Paolo; Garrison, Jared; Hässig, Simon; et al. (2024)
Energy Conversion and Management
Hydrogen is considered one of the key pillars of an effective decarbonization strategy of the energy sector; however, the potential of hydrogen as an electricity storage medium is debated. This paper investigates the role of hydrogen as an electricity storage medium in an electricity system with large hydropower resources, focusing on the Swiss electricity sector. Several techno-economic and climate scenarios are considered. Findings suggest that hydrogen storage plays no major role under most conditions, because of the large hydropower resources. More specifically, no hydrogen storage is installed in Switzerland if today's values of net-transfer capacities and low load-shedding costs are assumed. This applies even to hydrogen-favorable climate scenarios (dry years with low precipitation and dam inflows) and economic assumptions (high learning rates for hydrogen technologies). In contrast, hydrogen storage is installed when net-transfer capacities between countries are reduced below 30% of current values and load-shedding costs are above 1,000 EUR/MWh. When installed, hydrogen is deployed in a few large-scale installations near the national borders.
High Resolution Generation Expansion Planning Considering Flexiblity Needs: The Case of Switzerland in 2030
Raycheva, Elena; Garrison, Jared; Schaffner, Christian; et al. (2020)
Modeling and Validation of Hydro Cascade Operation Considering Price Uncertainty
Libsig, Maxime; Raycheva, Elena; Garrison, Jared; et al. (2021)
Proceedings of the ASME 2021 Power Conference (POWER 2021)
Most studies involving the use of hydropower in an electric power system tend to consider the point of view of the system operator even though under liberalized markets in Europe, the operation of hydro units is set by the owner to maximize their profits. Such studies also often neglect uncertainties related to hydropower operation and instead assume perfect knowledge of the system conditions over the simulation horizon. This paper presents a methodology to overcome the aforementioned limitations. We optimize the operational choices of a hydropower cascade owner with multiple linked hydro assets and the ability to participate in several energy and reserve markets while also accounting for the impact of market price uncertainties on the owner’s operating decisions. The versatile optimization model created includes a detailed representation of any selected hydro cascade’s topology, constraints to reflect the machinery characteristics, and a rolling horizon approach to account for the price uncertainties in the daily operating schedule. The model is first validated using historical data for a hydro cascade in Switzerland and a perfect-knowledge approach. Next, price uncertainty is added to improve the historical simulation results and find a trade-off between accuracy and computational time.
Nexus-e: Validation and Calibration of Modules
Garrison, Jared; Gjorgiev, Blazhe; Han, Xuejiao; et al. (2020)
Policy changes in the energy sector result in wide-ranging implications throughout the entire energy system and influence all sectors of the economy. Due partly to the high complexity of combining separate models, few attempts have been undertaken to model the interactions between the components of the energy-economic system. The Nexus-e Integrated Energy Systems Modeling Platform aims to fill this gap by providing an interdisciplinary framework of modules that are linked through well-defined interfaces to holistically analyze and understand the impacts of future developments in the energy system. This platform combines bottom-up and top-down energy modeling approaches to represent a much broader scope of the energy-economic system than traditional stand-alone modeling approaches. In Phase 1 of this project, the objective is to develop a novel tool for the analysis of the Swiss electricity system. This study illustrates the capabilities of Nexus-e in answering the crucial questions of how centralized and distributed flexibility technologies could be deployed in the Swiss electricity system and how they would impact the traditional operation of the system. The aim of the analysis is not policy advice, as some critical developments like the European net-zero emissions goal are not yet included in the scenarios, but rather to illustrate the unique capabilities of the Nexus-e modeling framework. To answer these questions, consistent technical representations of a wide spectrum of current and novel energy supply, demand, and storage technologies are needed as well as a thorough economic evaluation of different investment incentives and the impact investments have on the wider economy. Moreover, these aspects need to be combined with modeling of the long- and short-term electricity market structures and electricity networks. This report illustrates the capabilities of the Nexus-e platform. The Nexus-e Platform consists of five interlinked modules: 1. General Equilibrium Module for Electricity (GemEl): a computable general equilibrium (CGE) module of the Swiss economy, 2. Centralized Investments Module (CentIv): a grid-constrained capacity expansion planning module considering system flexibility requirements, 3. Distributed Investments Module (DistIv): a generation expansion planning module of distributed energy resources, 4. Electricity Market Module (eMark): a market-based dispatch module for determining generator production schedules and electricity market prices, 5. Network Security and Expansion Module (Cascades): a power system security assessment and transmission system expansion planning module. This report describes the validation and calibration of the different modules within the Nexus-e framework. The objectives of the validation and the calibration of the Nexus-e modules is to develop trustworthy and high-fidelity modules as well as to adjust the modules to better represent the complexity of the involved real systems and processes
Nexus-e: eMark Module Documentation
Garrison, Jared; Demiray, Turhan (2020)
Policy changes in the energy sector result in wide-ranging implications throughout the entire energy system and influence all sectors of the economy. Due partly to the high complexity of combining separate models, few attempts have been undertaken to model the interactions between the components of the energy-economic system. The Nexus-e Integrated Energy Systems Modeling Platform aims to fill this gap by providing an interdisciplinary framework of modules that are linked through well-defined interfaces to holistically analyze and understand the impacts of future developments in the energy system. This platform combines bottom-up and top-down energy modeling approaches to represent a much broader scope of the energy-economic system than traditional stand-alone modeling approaches. In Phase 1 of this project, the objective is to develop a novel tool for the analysis of the Swiss electricity system. This study illustrates the capabilities of Nexus-e in answering the crucial questions of how centralized and distributed flexibility technologies could be deployed in the Swiss electricity system and how they would impact the traditional operation of the system. The aim of the analysis is not policy advice, as some critical developments like the European net-zero emissions goal are not yet included in the scenarios, but rather to illustrate the unique capabilities of the Nexus-e modeling framework. To answer these questions, consistent technical representations of a wide spectrum of current and novel energy supply, demand, and storage technologies are needed as well as a thorough economic evaluation of different investment incentives and the impact investments have on the wider economy. Moreover, these aspects need to be combined with modeling of the long- and short-term electricity market structures and electricity networks. This report illustrates the capabilities of the Nexus-e platform. The Nexus-e Platform consists of five interlinked modules: 1. General Equilibrium Module for Electricity (GemEl): a computable general equilibrium (CGE) module of the Swiss economy, 2. Centralized Investments Module (CentIv): a grid-constrained capacity expansion planning module considering system flexibility requirements, 3. Distributed Investments Module (DistIv): a generation expansion planning module of distributed energy resources, 4. Electricity Market Module (eMark): a market-based dispatch module for determining generator production schedules and electricity market prices, 5. Network Security and Expansion Module (Cascades): a power system security assessment and transmission system expansion planning module. This report provides the description and documentation for the eMark module, which is utilized in the Nexus-e framework to provide a market-based dispatch of generators that better reflects the actual procedures currently used to clear the energy and reserve markets as well as the timing of the various market products and the coupling of market zones.

Publications 1 - 10 of 15

Jared Garrison

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