Last Glacial Maximum glacier fluctuations on the northern Alpine foreland: Geomorphological and chronological reconstructions from the Rhine and Reuss glacier systems


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Date

2023-02-15

Publication Type

Journal Article

ETH Bibliography

yes

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Abstract

Fresh glacial landforms of the Alpine forelands evidence the presence and extent of large piedmont glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and yield valuable insights into LGM glacier dynamics. This study assesses widespread ice marginal landforms preserved within the limit of the former LGM Rhine glacier and the eastern lobes of the LGM Reuss glacier system by means of geomorphological mapping. Timing of formation of the studied ice margins in Rhine and Reuss systems are chronologically framed by new 10Be and 36Cl surface exposure ages, as well as new radiocarbon dates. This includes redating of radiocarbon samples first determined in the 1980s. Results of this and an earlier study focussing on outwash deposits downstream of the outer LGM ice margin, suggest that the Rhine glacier advanced to and reached its LGM maximum between ca. 26–22 ka, thereby forming a broad >100 km wide foreland piedmont lobe and constructing prominent and largely continuous chains of frontal moraines (outer Schaffhausen moraines). The eastern lobes of the Reuss glacier likely advanced to their LGM maximum position by 25/24 ± 2 ka as indicated by published luminescence dates. Stabilization of the corresponding Untertannwald ice margin and the slightly internal yet more prominent Mellingen moraines (Reuss glacier system) occurred no later than 22 ± 1 ka and 21 ± 1 ka, respectively. Glacier oscillations following the LGM maximum position are evidenced in both Rhine and Reuss systems but show varying degrees of preservation. Largely contemporaneous, late LGM readvances of Rhine (Stein am Rhein stadial) and Reuss (Bremgarten stadial) glaciers occurred after 20.6 ± 1.7 ka and 20.8 ± 1.3 ka, respectively. Absence of upstream moraines suggests rapid ice decay without marked stabilization, thereafter. Despite clear differences in the size and nature of their foreland lobes, with Rhein glacier as a broad piedmont lobe and narrow valley glacier like lobes characterising the eastern Reuss system, a remarkable similarity in timing is shown between the two.

Publication status

published

Editor

Book title

Journal / series

Volume

423

Pages / Article No.

108548

Publisher

Elsevier

Event

Edition / version

Methods

Software

Geographic location

Date collected

Date created

Subject

Last Glacial Maximum; European Alps; Glacial geomorphology; Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating

Organisational unit

08619 - Labor für Ionenstrahlphysik (LIP) / Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics (LIP) check_circle

Notes

Funding

175794 - Deciphering the timing and dynamics of glacier advances in the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum with cosmogenic nuclide dating: a north-south perspective (SNF)

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