CIPHERMATCH: Accelerating Homomorphic Encryption-Based String Matching via Memory-Efficient Data Packing and In-Flash Processing


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Date

2025-03

Publication Type

Conference Paper

ETH Bibliography

yes

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Rights / License

Abstract

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows secure computation on encrypted data without revealing the original data, providing significant benefits for privacy-sensitive applications. Many cloud computing applications (e.g., DNA read mapping, biometric matching, web search) use exact string matching as a key operation. However, prior string matching algorithms that use homomorphic encryption are limited by high computational latency caused by the use of complex operations and data movement bottlenecks due to the large encrypted data size. In this work, we provide an efficient algorithm-hardware codesign to accelerate HE-based secure exact string matching. We propose CIPHERMATCH, which (i) reduces the increase in memory footprint after encryption using an optimized software-based data packing scheme, (ii) eliminates the use of costly homomorphic operations (e.g., multiplication and rotation), and (iii) reduces data movement by designing a new in-flash processing (IFP) architecture. CIPHERMATCH improves the software-based data packing scheme of an existing HE scheme and performs secure string matching using only homomorphic addition. This packing method reduces the memory footprint after encryption and improves the performance of the algorithm. To reduce the data movement overhead, we design an IFP architecture to accelerate homomorphic addition by leveraging the array-level and bit-level parallelism of NAND-flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs). We demonstrate the benefits of CIPHERMATCH using two case studies: (1) Exact DNA string matching and (2) encrypted database search. Our pure software-based CIPHERMATCH implementation that uses our memory-efficient data packing scheme improves performance and reduces energy consumption by 42.9× and 17.6×, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art software baseline. Integrating CIPHERMATCH with IFP improves performance and reduces energy consumption by 136.9× and 256.4×, respectively, compared to the software-based CIPHERMATCH implementation.

Publication status

published

Editor

Book title

ASPLOS '25: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Journal / series

Volume

2

Pages / Article No.

111 - 130

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

Event

30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2025)

Edition / version

Methods

Software

Geographic location

Date collected

Date created

Subject

Homomorphic Encryption; Secure String Matching; Storage Systems; Near-Data Processing

Organisational unit

09483 - Mutlu, Onur / Mutlu, Onur check_circle

Notes

Funding

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