Security of Multicarrier Time-of-Flight Ranging


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Date

2021-12

Publication Type

Conference Paper

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yes

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Abstract

OFDM is a widely used modulation scheme. It transmits data over multiple subcarriers in parallel, which provides high resilience against frequency-dependent channel drops (fading) and achieves high throughput. Due to the proliferation of OFDM-enabled devices and the increasing need for location information, the research community has suggested using OFDM symbols for secure (time-of flight) distance measurements. However, a consequence of relying on multiple subcarriers is long symbols (time-wise). This makes OFDM systems not a natural fit for secure ranging, as long symbols allow an attacker longer observation and reaction times to mount a so-called early-detect/late-commit attack. Despite these concerns, a recent standardization effort (IEEE 802.11az) envisions the use of OFDM-based signals for secure ranging. This paper lays the groundwork for analyzing OFDM time-of-flight measurements and studies the security guarantees of OFDM-based ranging against a physical-layer attacker. We use BPSK and 4-QAM, the most robust configurations, as examples to present a strategy that increases the chances for early-detecting the transmitted symbols. Our theoretical analysis and simulations show that such OFDM systems are vulnerable to early-detection/late-commit attacks, irrespective of frame length and number of subcarriers. We identify the underlying causes and explore a possible countermeasure, consisting of orthogonal noise and randomized phase.

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Publication status

published

Editor

Book title

Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC ’21)

Journal / series

Volume

Pages / Article No.

887 - 899

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

Event

37th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC 2021)

Edition / version

Methods

Software

Geographic location

Date collected

Date created

Subject

IEEE 802.11az; Secure ranging; OFDM

Organisational unit

03755 - Capkun, Srdan / Capkun, Srdan check_circle

Notes

Conference lecture on December 10, 2021.

Funding

726227 - Cross-Layer Design of Securing Positioning (EC)

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