The COSC-2 drill core and its well-preserved lower Palaeozoic sedimentary succession - an unexpected treasure beneath the Caledonian nappes
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2024-01-01
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Journal Article
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Abstract
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) project focuses on processes related to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean, causing the Ordovician-Silurian continent- continent collision between Baltica and Laurentia. The rock succession in the second drill core (COSC-2) from the J & auml;mt land County, central Sweden, provides the base for detailed sedi- mentological, stratigraphic, geophysical, geochemical, geothermal and structural studies. The basement, comprising 1.66-1.65 Ga Transscandinavian Igneous Belt porphyries intruded by 1.47 Ga and 1.27-1.26 Ga mafic dykes and sills, is heavily weathered towards the top. Here it grades into typical saprock and saprolite (including immature soil reflecting the sub-Cambrian peneplain). The overlying sedimentary sequence starts with basal conglomerates and heterogeneous sediments with shell fragments, indicating an early Cambrian rather than a Neoproterozoic age for the marine transgression in the area. The developing early Cambrian basin was rapidly filled, initially by mostly coarse-grained sediment gravity flows. These strata are covered by sandstone turbidites that show an upward transition into the Alum Shale Formation, representing a tectonically quieter period (mid-Cambrian/Maolingian to Early Ordovician/Tremadocian). The upper part of the Alum Shale Formation is overlain by a late Early Ordovician turbidite succession. Local sources of sediments below the Alum Shale Formation and the extended deposition period may indicate continuous sedimentation in a pull-apart basin pre served in a window beneath the Caledonian thrust sheets.
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73 (2)
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134 - 140
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Estonian Academy Publishers
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09636 - Behr, Whitney / Behr, Whitney