iGSE-CD—An Electric-/Displacement-Field Related Steinmetz Model for Class II Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Under Low-Frequency Large-Signal Excitation
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2023
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Journal Article
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Abstract
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) are of paramount importance in electronics and
ferroelectric Class II dielectrics enable outstanding energy-density values. However, the non-linear dielectric constant and associated low-frequency large-signal excitation losses of Class II MLCCs may cause critical overheating. A peak-charge based Steinmetz loss model entitled iGSE-CQ is known in literature and allows to accurately calculate MLCC low-frequency large-signal excitation losses under various operating conditions including biased and non-sinusoidal excitation voltage waveforms. Such a macroscopic iGSE-CQ model, however, is inherently limited to a specific MLCC, and in contrast to Steinmetz loss modeling for ferromagnetic inductor cores, the losses of other devices employing the same dielectric material cannot be predicted. Recent literature therefore proposed a microscopic and/or material specific MLCC Steinmetz Model entitled iGSE-CD which allows to calculate the losses of any MLCC of the same dielectric material based upon just a single set of Steinmetz parameters. However, due to the lack of information on the internal device geometry, the iGSE-CD could be verified only indirectly so far by means of a loss normalization based on the device capacitance and rated voltage. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of a microscopic iGSE-CD MLCC loss model enabled by manufacturer data on the internal capacitor structure. The iGSE-CD is verified for two different MLCC series employing a conventional X7R dielectric and a novel Hiteca (with
reduced non-linearity) Class II dielectric material with loss estimation error below 22%. This error results due to component tolerances and is acceptable, especially when compared to the loss calculation based on the datasheet information which can be off by up to a factor of ten. The analysis of the Hiteca dielectric reveals a frequency behavior different to the X7R material, and is discussed in the Appendix of this paper.
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published
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4
Pages / Article No.
107 - 116
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IEEE
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Subject
Multilayer ceramic capacitor; MLCC; loss modeling; Steinmetz Equation; iGSE; iGSE-C; DC-AC power converters; AC-DC power converters; inverters; rectifiers; power capacitors
Organisational unit
03573 - Kolar, Johann W. (emeritus) / Kolar, Johann W. (emeritus)