Passive L-Band Remote Sensing Applications Over Cryospheric Regions


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Date

2019

Publication Type

Doctoral Thesis

ETH Bibliography

yes

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Abstract

The Earth’s climate and its evolution are heavily influenced by the state of cryosphere snow cover and its subnivean ground through their determinative role in the exchange of water, heat, and greenhouse gases between land and the atmosphere. Previous research has shown that L-band radiometry can be used for the estimation of snow mass density rho_S and ground permittivity epsilon_G. In this thesis an unprecedented approach for the estimation of snow liquid water content (wetness) and the beginning of snow melt, using L-band radiometry and the L-band Specific Microwave Emission Model of Layered Snowpack (LS–MEMLS), is proposed. Two snow wetness retrieval data products are computed using tower-based radiometry over snow-covered natural ground and areas with a metal grid placed on the ground beneath the accumulating snow. It is experimentally demonstrated that the metal grid isolates snowpack’s own emission from the emission of the underlying ground. This allows considering the snow wetness retrievals derived from brightness temperatures measured over this artificially prepared area as references for comparison with snow wetness retrievals from brightness temperatures over natural ground. Furthermore, the disruptive effects of “geophysical noise” on (rho_S, epsilon_G) retrievals are investigated for dry snow conditions. Results indicate robust performance of the two-parameter retrieval approach against spatial variabilities of snow cover and subnivean soil. This is a promising base for the application of this two-parameter retrieval approach with coarse resolution satellite data. Further synthetic and experimental sensitivity analyses of the melting effects, in form of snow wetness and ground permittivity heterogeneities, are conducted which quantify their disruptive effects on the (rho_S, epsilon_G) retrievals. Results indicate reliable retrievals during snow free and cold winter periods. With the beginning of the early spring period, retrievals’ accuracy decrease and increased time-correlation is recognized between retrievals rho_S and epsilon_G. Retrieval quality flags are raised based on this type of retrievals’ correlation which is very useful for the application with space-borne radiometry data. Other achievements of this thesis work include the establishment of the Davos-Laret Remote Sensing Field Laboratory and significant improvement of radiometry data–measured with ELBARA-II radiometer–calibration and quality assessment. The latter includes a new more-accurate Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) filtering approach based on Gaussian curve fitting and time-dependent correction of transmission losses taking into account the transmission line ageing effects, for instance.

Publication status

published

Editor

Contributors

Examiner : Steffen, Konrad
Examiner : Kerr, Yann
Examiner : Schwank, Mike
Examiner : Kim, Edward

Book title

Journal / series

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Pages / Article No.

Publisher

ETH Zurich

Event

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Geographic location

Date collected

Date created

Subject

Microwave remote sensing; Snowpack monitoring; Freeze–thaw; Permafrost; snow liquid water content; L-band radiometry; Climate Change; LS-MEMLS; geophysical noise

Organisational unit

03977 - Steffen, Konrad (ehemalig) / Steffen, Konrad (former)

Notes

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