Publicly Attributing Cyber Attacks: A Framework


Date

2023

Publication Type

Journal Article

ETH Bibliography

yes

Citations

Altmetric

Data

Abstract

When should states publicly attribute cyber intrusions? Whilst this is a question governments increasingly grapple with, academia has hardly helped in providing answers. This article by CSS Florian Egloff and Max Smeets describes the stages of public attribution and provides a Public Attribution Framework designed to explain, guide, and improve decision making of public attribution by states. This article asserts that public attribution is a highly complex process which requires trade-offs of multiple considerations. Effective public attribution not only needs a clear understanding of the attributed cyber operation and the cyber threat actor, but also of the broader geopolitical environment, allied positions and activities, and the legal context. Nevertheless, public attribution can also carry risks. This article proposes that public attribution can only be successful if there is a consistent goal, whilst the avenues for potential negative counter effects are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Publication status

published

Editor

Book title

Volume

46 (3)

Pages / Article No.

502 - 533

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Event

Edition / version

Methods

Software

Geographic location

Date collected

Date created

Subject

Public attribution; attribution; cyber operations; cyber intrusions; deterrence; norms; intelligence

Organisational unit

03515 - Wenger, Andreas / Wenger, Andreas check_circle

Notes

Funding

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