High-speed rail is often welcomed as a mean of increasing the attractiveness of the rail system. Contrary to the expectations, ex-post and ex-ante cost-benefit analyses for major existing and planned high-speed rail (HSR) lines in Europe show that most of the lines underperform socioeconomically. While this underperformance is often due to cost overruns as well as demand overestimations, the fact is that HSR requires (very) high demand ...

Most elements constituting modern life, from the economy to social habits, are now characterized by using digital technologies and the consumption of goods and services that depend on complex, interconnected, transnational, and, at times, vulnerable, supply chains. Critical dependencies and heightened (cyber) threats combined with strategic competitiveness are increasingly turning the issue of supply chain security into matters of national ...

We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model to quantify the interaction between climate policy, industry dynamics, and the elasticity of substitution between clean and dirty energy in the economy. The model incorporates empirical observations that firms differ substantially in their potential for energy substitution and that the economy is growing more capable of substituting clean for dirty energy over time as environmental regulation ...