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Resource Recovery from Human Excreta in Urban and Regional Settlements
(2021)The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional FuturesEncyclopedia Entry -
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Technological Change and Grand Strategy
(2021)The Oxford Handbook of Grand StrategyWhat is the relationship between technological change and grand strategy? Can great powers promote technological trends that allow them to pursue specific grand-strategic goals? Or is technological change beyond the reach of great powers, and thus it acts like an independent enabler or an independent constraint? This book chapter by CSS' Sophie-Charlotte Fischer, Andrea Gilli and CSS' Mauro Gilli provides a brief introduction to the ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Bio-Based organic and hydroxy acid production with corynebacterium glutamicum
(2021)The Encyclopedia of Bacteriology Research DevelopmentsOrganic acids are used in several industrial sectors, such as food or pharmaceutical industry and serve as building block chemicals for a vast variety of products. Up to date many of them are obtained from petrochemical resources, implementing energy intensive chemical refining and waste production with a high environmental impact [1]. The enormous annual demand requests the development of efficient and sustainable bioprocesses for organic ...Encyclopedia Entry -
User Motivations in Peer Production
(2021)Handbooks in Communication and Media ~ The Handbook of Peer ProductionEncyclopedia Entry -
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Policy Instruments to Reduce Carbon Emissions From Road Transport
(2021)International Encyclopedia of TransportationThis paper surveys policy instruments aiming at reducing carbon emissions from road transport. We present the basic economic framework used to evaluate environmental policy instruments and discuss the challenges and limitations it faces, which are important enough to justify departures from the first-best instrument (Pigouvian tax). We then discuss a number of policy instruments, including fuel and mileage taxes, standards, different forms ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Regulation | Metabolite channeling in energy metabolism
(2021)Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry IIIMetabolite channeling is a general mechanism to increase efficiency of sequential reactions in a metabolic pathway. It describes the transfer of intermediates between sequential enzymes without equilibration of these metabolites with the surrounding bulk solution, forming so-called metabolons or microcompartments. It is structurally based on colocalization or complex formation of the participating enzymes and on specific diffusion ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Rockfall Causes and Transport Mechanisms - A Review
(2021)Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental SciencesRockfalls are distinguished from rock mass falls and rock avalanches by their physical transport mechanisms. A common term used for this differentiation is “fragmental” rockfall, where individual blocks mainly interact by impacts with the substrate along the downslope motion, which can be described by rigid body ballistics. Rockfall is very frequent in steep rock slopes, and one of the most frequent hazards to alpine traffic lines and ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Solar Energy Communities in the Urban Environment
(2021)The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional FuturesEncyclopedia Entry