The Design of Experimentally Robust Pulse Sequences in Solid-State NMR
dc.contributor.author
Hellwagner, Johannes
dc.contributor.supervisor
Ernst, Matthias
dc.contributor.supervisor
Jeschke, Gunnar
dc.date.accessioned
2020-01-09T08:38:43Z
dc.date.available
2020-01-09T08:10:47Z
dc.date.available
2020-01-09T08:38:43Z
dc.date.issued
2019
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/388763
dc.identifier.doi
10.3929/ethz-b-000388763
dc.description.abstract
Solid-state NMR is a powerful tool for the study of the structural and dynamic properties
of materials and biomolecules. The strength of solid-state NMR lies in the ability
to coherently manipulate the system Hamiltonian with the use of radio-frequency pulse
sequences and magic-angle spinning. This controlled perturbation is performed by introducing
multiple periodic time dependencies and allows for the measurement of the
correlation between nuclei and the identification of their local electronic environment.
In order to get reliable information and efficient experimental performance, the pulse
sequences need to be robust towards experimental uncertainties. Additionally, they
need to be highly specific to extract the desired interaction. In this thesis, a variety of
widely-used pulse sequences are examined with respect to pulse imperfections and possible
approaches based on a theoretical understanding obtained by Floquet theory are
presented to tailor the pulse sequences in order to make them more reliably applicable.
In the first part of this thesis, the practical compensation of pulse imperfections is
studied and previously developed concepts are extended. A published theoretical model
of these imperfections, also known as pulse transients, is applied to physically measured
pulse shapes to find the origin of pulse imperfections in the spectrometer. Additionally,
small adjustments to the experimental setup are presented that ease the implementation
of pulse-transient compensation.
The second part of this thesis focuses on recoupling sequences, which are pulse sequences
designed to reintroduce the dipolar coupling, yielding important information about the
spatial proximity of two nuclei. One type of sequence, which includes Radio-Frequency
Driven Recoupling or Rotational Echo Double Resonance, uses an isolated pi pulse as
a recoupling element. These sequences are widely used due the ease of experimental
implementation. Phase cycles are previously proposed modifications to stabilize these
sequences. In this thesis, these phase cycles are analysed using the concept of effective Floquet Hamiltonians and numerical simulations to determine their robustness towards
pulse imperfections. The advantages and disadvantages of various phase cycles are discussed
and the experimental influence of pulse transients is understood using the theoretical
concepts developed. A different kind of recoupling sequence uses symmetry-based
pulse trains and is known as C or R sequence. A Floquet description of the recoupling
sequence of interest, R26, shows inherent flaws in the design of the sequence that are
also demonstrated experimentally. The influence of pulse transients is investigated and
unexpected results are shown that are in stark contrast to the results found for RFDR
and REDOR. A commonly used phase cycle shows great robustness towards any kind
of experimental imperfection but calculations of the dipolar scaling coefficient show less
recoupling efficiency than the basic sequence.
In the third part of this thesis, homo- and heteronuclear decoupling sequences are discussed.
Decoupling sequences are designed to remove residual terms in the Hamiltonian
that cause line broadening and thus these types of sequences are used to enhance spectral
resolution. The homonuclear decoupling sequence frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg for
proton-detected experiments is studied. Efficient decoupling is essential for proton detection
because without it the lines are too broad to be distinguishable and do not yield
reasonable information. This study focuses on the origin of performance degradation
of the Lee-Goldburg sequence. Through the use of analytical calculations, numerical
simulations, and experimental modifications, the residual line broadening is analysed. A
concise conclusion of the origin of the performance degradation is presented for the first
time, and it is understood why this sequence is still limited in its use. The heteronuclear
decoupling sequence two-pulse phase modulation is investigated with respect to pulse
transients. The requirement for the experimental use is a straightforward optimization
and the implementation should be robust towards different conditions. Theoretical
concepts to describe simple decoupling sequences with discrete phase modulations are
presented and extended to understand the influence of pulse transients. The difference
between continuous phase modulation and discrete phase jumps as well as a commonly used
phase cycle of the basic two-pulse sequence is investigated theoretically and experimentally.
In conclusion, this thesis generalises the concepts of pulse transients and the compensation,
and draws conclusions on their influence on different kinds of pulse sequences. The
removal of pulse imperfections allows the developed theoretical concepts to be validated more accurately and inherent drawbacks of the pulse sequences are found experimentally.
This results in suggested modifications and tailoring of the sequence to accommodate
the experimental needs of more complex biological systems.
en_US
dc.format
application/pdf
en_US
dc.language.iso
en
en_US
dc.publisher
ETH Zurich
en_US
dc.rights.uri
http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/
dc.subject
Solid-state NMR
en_US
dc.subject
FESTKÖRPER-KERNRESONANZSPEKTROSKOPIE
en_US
dc.subject
SPIN DYNAMICS + SPIN ROTATION (CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS)
en_US
dc.subject
SPINDYNAMIK + SPINROTATION (PHYSIK DER KONDENSIERTEN MATERIE)
en_US
dc.subject
NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING
en_US
dc.subject
NUMERISCHE SIMULATION UND MATHEMATISCHE MODELLRECHNUNG
en_US
dc.title
The Design of Experimentally Robust Pulse Sequences in Solid-State NMR
en_US
dc.type
Doctoral Thesis
dc.rights.license
In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted
dc.date.published
2020-01-09
ethz.size
251 p.
en_US
ethz.code.ddc
DDC - DDC::5 - Science::530 - Physics
en_US
ethz.code.ddc
DDC - DDC::5 - Science::540 - Chemistry
en_US
ethz.identifier.diss
26385
en_US
ethz.publication.place
Zurich
en_US
ethz.publication.status
published
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02020 - Dep. Chemie und Angewandte Biowiss. / Dep. of Chemistry and Applied Biosc.::02515 - Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie / Laboratory of Physical Chemistry::03810 - Jeschke, Gunnar / Jeschke, Gunnar::08829 - Ernst, Matthias (Tit.-Prof.)
en_US
ethz.leitzahl.certified
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02020 - Dep. Chemie und Angewandte Biowiss. / Dep. of Chemistry and Applied Biosc.::02515 - Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie / Laboratory of Physical Chemistry::03810 - Jeschke, Gunnar / Jeschke, Gunnar::08829 - Ernst, Matthias (Tit.-Prof.)
en_US
ethz.date.deposited
2020-01-09T08:10:56Z
ethz.source
FORM
ethz.eth
yes
en_US
ethz.availability
Open access
en_US
ethz.rosetta.installDate
2020-01-09T08:38:53Z
ethz.rosetta.lastUpdated
2021-02-15T07:13:42Z
ethz.rosetta.versionExported
true
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Doctoral Thesis [28666]