Cultural Laboratory Seoul. Emergence, Narrative and Impact of Culturally Related Landscape Meanings

Abstract

The dissertation Cultural Laboratory Seoul examines landscape restoration projects in the South Korean capital Seoul, which have influenced the urban fabric of the Korean capital since the 1980s. The landscape restoration projects have been supported by a paradigm shift from growth-oriented to environment-oriented approaches in Korean urban planning. In this context, the Seoul Metropolitan Government has sought means to convey traditional, historical and natural values through landscape restoration. In consequence, Seoul’s landscape elements—mountains, rivers, and valleys—have been cleared of apartment buildings and urban infrastructure, and afterwards have been greened. The challenge in many of these landscape restoration projects, however, has been to convey the traditional landscape meaning of these sites while meeting today’s landscape architectural standards and requirements as well as the needs of citizens. In order to gain a deeper understanding of how to deal with these challenges, the dissertation examines existing landscape restoration projects such as the restoration of Namsan (1990–2000), the restoration of Naksan (1997–2002), and the restoration of Inwangsan’s Suseongdong Valley (2007–2012). As a result, the dissertation first outlines the social, political, and cultural contexts from which the trend towards landscape restoration has emerged and answers the question of why restoration has become a popular landscape approach in Korean urban planning and landscape architecture. Second, the dissertation analyzes how culturally rooted landscape concepts are translated into the present. By comparing the intertextuality of the landscape—related exhibitions, planning documents, and information brochures—with interviews of municipal officials, practitioners, artists, and citizens affected by the projects, the thesis identifies the transmission, erasure and the reinterpretation of distinct landscape meanings and concepts. The tensions between national and local narratives imbedded in the sites are revealed, especially as related to power structures and prevalent ideologies. Third, the dissertation clarifies the relationship between the narrative, the built space, and the visitor’s perception. It explains how the acceptance and appropriation of these projects is influenced by a complex web of meanings, resources, and conflicts grounded upon different cultural and historical interpretations. On this basis, this dissertation argues for a mediating approach in landscape architecture that includes culturally related landscape understandings in the design for the creation of a spatial identity.