How to Meter Agricultural Pumping at Numerous Small-Scale Wells?-An Indirect Monitoring Method Using Electric Energy as Proxy
dc.contributor.author
Wang, Lu
dc.contributor.author
Kinzelbach, Wolfgang
dc.contributor.author
Yao, Huaixian
dc.contributor.author
Steiner, Jakob
dc.contributor.author
Wang, Haijing
dc.date.accessioned
2020-09-24T11:26:22Z
dc.date.available
2020-09-24T06:19:55Z
dc.date.available
2020-09-24T11:26:22Z
dc.date.issued
2020-09
dc.identifier.issn
2073-4441
dc.identifier.other
10.3390/w12092477
en_US
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/442202
dc.identifier.doi
10.3929/ethz-b-000442202
dc.description.abstract
The large number of users and the small scale of wells greatly complicate monitoring of groundwater abstraction in areas of intensive pumping by numerous smallholders such as in the North China Plain. This paper presents a study in a typical county in the North China Plain. It discusses the application and challenges of an indirect, energy-based approach to groundwater abstraction monitoring. Intensive field experiments at individual wells were carried out to provide a basis for the conversion from electric energy consumption to groundwater abstraction and to explore the feasibility of direct and indirect abstraction monitoring methods in the study area. The results show that the main challenge of electricity-to-water conversion lies in the large spread of conversion factors between wells. The conversion error at an individual well is found to be less than 20%. The same accuracy is achieved on spatially aggregated levels by testing only a small number of wells. Trade-offs can be made to obtain groundwater abstraction estimates at the required accuracy and with reasonable efforts regarding data collection. The analysis shows that energy-based groundwater abstraction monitoring outperforms direct water metering with respect to cost and robustness. It provides satisfactory data accuracy and equitability in regions where irrigation wells are powered by electricity.
en_US
dc.format
application/pdf
en_US
dc.language.iso
en
en_US
dc.publisher
MDPI
en_US
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject
Groundwater management
en_US
dc.subject
Indirect monitoring
en_US
dc.subject
Electricity-groundwater nexus
en_US
dc.subject
Irrigation
en_US
dc.title
How to Meter Agricultural Pumping at Numerous Small-Scale Wells?-An Indirect Monitoring Method Using Electric Energy as Proxy
en_US
dc.type
Journal Article
dc.rights.license
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
dc.date.published
2020-09-04
ethz.journal.title
Water
ethz.journal.volume
12
en_US
ethz.journal.issue
9
en_US
ethz.pages.start
2477
en_US
ethz.size
15 p.
en_US
ethz.version.deposit
publishedVersion
en_US
ethz.identifier.wos
ethz.identifier.scopus
ethz.publication.place
Basel
en_US
ethz.publication.status
published
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02608 - Institut für Umweltingenieurwiss. / Institute of Environmental Engineering::03473 - Burlando, Paolo / Burlando, Paolo
ethz.leitzahl.certified
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02608 - Institut für Umweltingenieurwiss. / Institute of Environmental Engineering::03473 - Burlando, Paolo / Burlando, Paolo
ethz.date.deposited
2020-09-24T06:20:07Z
ethz.source
SCOPUS
ethz.eth
yes
en_US
ethz.availability
Open access
en_US
ethz.rosetta.installDate
2020-09-24T11:26:33Z
ethz.rosetta.lastUpdated
2022-03-29T03:12:13Z
ethz.rosetta.versionExported
true
ethz.COinS
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