Comparative analysis of sanitation systems for resource recovery: Influence of configurations and single technology components
dc.contributor.author
Spuhler, Dorothee
dc.contributor.author
Scheidegger, Andreas
dc.contributor.author
Maurer, Max
dc.date.accessioned
2020-09-24T12:39:12Z
dc.date.available
2020-09-24T06:20:47Z
dc.date.available
2020-09-24T12:39:12Z
dc.date.issued
2020-11-01
dc.identifier.issn
0043-1354
dc.identifier.issn
1879-2448
dc.identifier.other
10.1016/j.watres.2020.116281
en_US
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/442205
dc.description.abstract
Resource recovery and emissions from sanitation systems are critical sustainability indicators for strategic urban sanitation planning. In this context, sanitation systems are the most often structured using technology-driven templates rather than performance-based sustainability indicators. In this work, we answer two questions: Firstly, can we estimate generic resource recovery and loss potentials and their uncertainties for a diverse and large set of sanitation systems? And secondly, can we identify technological aspects of sanitation systems that indicate a better overall resource recovery performance? The aim is to obtain information that can be used as an input into any strategic planning process and to help shape technology development and system design for resource recovery in the future. Starting from 41 technologies, which include novel and conventional options, we build 101,548 valid sanitation system configurations. For each system configuration we quantify phosphorus, nitrogen, total solids, and water flows and use that to calculate recovery potentials and losses to the environment, i.e. the soil, air, or surface water. The four substances cover different properties and serve as a proxy for nutrient, organics, energy, and water resources. For modelling the flows ex-ante, we use a novel approach to consider a large range of international literature and expert data considering uncertainties. Thus all results are generic and can therefore be used as input into any strategic planning process or to help guide future technology development. A detailed analysis of the results allows us to identify factors that influence recovery and losses. These factors include the type of source, the length of systems, and the level of containment in storage and treatment. The factors influencing recovery are related to interactions of different technologies in a system which shows the relevance of a modelling approach that allows to look at all possible system configurations systematically. Based on our analysis, we developed five recommendations for the optimization of resource recovery: (i) prioritize short systems that close the loop at the lowest possible level; (ii) separate waste streams as much as possible, because this allows for higher recovery potentials; (iii) use storage and treatment technologies that contain the products as much as possible, avoid leaching technologies (e.g. single pits) and technologies with high risk of volatilization (e.g. drying beds); (iv) design sinks to optimise recovery and avoid disposal sinks; and (v) combine various reuse options for different side streams (e.g. urine diversion systems that combine reuse of urine and production of biofuel from faeces). © 2020 Elsevier Ltd.
en_US
dc.language.iso
en
en_US
dc.publisher
Elsevier
en_US
dc.subject
Substance flow modelling
en_US
dc.subject
Resource recovery
en_US
dc.subject
Sustainable sanitation
en_US
dc.subject
Technology innovation
en_US
dc.subject
Structured decision making
en_US
dc.subject
Multi-criteria decision analysis
en_US
dc.title
Comparative analysis of sanitation systems for resource recovery: Influence of configurations and single technology components
en_US
dc.type
Journal Article
dc.date.published
2020-08-07
ethz.journal.title
Water Research
ethz.journal.volume
186
en_US
ethz.journal.abbreviated
Water Res.
ethz.pages.start
116281
en_US
ethz.size
18 p.
en_US
ethz.identifier.wos
ethz.identifier.scopus
ethz.publication.place
Amsterdam
en_US
ethz.publication.status
published
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02608 - Institut für Umweltingenieurwiss. / Institute of Environmental Engineering::03989 - Maurer, Max / Maurer, Max
ethz.leitzahl.certified
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02608 - Institut für Umweltingenieurwiss. / Institute of Environmental Engineering::03989 - Maurer, Max / Maurer, Max
ethz.date.deposited
2020-09-24T06:20:57Z
ethz.source
SCOPUS
ethz.eth
yes
en_US
ethz.availability
Metadata only
en_US
ethz.rosetta.installDate
2020-09-24T12:39:22Z
ethz.rosetta.lastUpdated
2024-02-02T12:09:42Z
ethz.rosetta.versionExported
true
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