Redefining Polyhedral Space Through 3D Printing

Abstract

Space frames (SF) are perhaps the most used lightweight spatial structures in the construction sector. They are identified as a highly prefabricated and standardised construction system. However, as computational design brings forward more complex forms and freeform shapes, standardized modular systems are presenting difficulty to retro-fit complex forms. Advances in Additive Manufacturing (AM) present opportunities to fabricate customized structural parts. More specifically, the fabrication of bespoke connections with AM bares great potential to overcome geometrical limitations in SF construction. Geometrical differentiations can be combined with functional integration at no extra cost. 3D printing offers the missing link to effectively establish a digital chain, from design to fabrication for non-standard SF. This paper examines generative computational methods for creating case-specific, bespoke connections designed for AM. In combination with studies in density, topology, and materiality of the connections possibilities of new geometric space articulation, new aesthetics, and finally, multi-functional structural frames arise. A series of case studies of bespoke SF design at different scales are reviewed and address a variety of functional nodes ranging from stiff axial connections to fully flexible spring ones. Finally, the paper critically discusses the geometrical benefits and limitations of the presented methods for digital bespoke space frames.