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Date
2021-12Type
- Journal Article
Citations
Cited 14 times in
Web of Science
Cited 22 times in
Scopus
ETH Bibliography
yes
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Abstract
Methods
In this retrospective study, 1384 frontal CXRs, of COVID-19 confirmed patients imaged between March and August 2020, and 1024 matching CXRs of non-COVID patients imaged before the pandemic, were collected and used to build a deep learning classifier for detecting patients positive for COVID-19. The classifier consists of an ensemble of pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNS), specifically, ReNet34, ReNet50¸ ReNet152, and vgg16, and is enhanced by data augmentation and lung segmentation. We further implemented a nearest-neighbors algorithm that uses DNN-based image embeddings to retrieve the images most similar to a given image.
Results
Our model achieved accuracy of 90.3%, (95% CI: 86.3–93.7%) specificity of 90% (95% CI: 84.3–94%), and sensitivity of 90.5% (95% CI: 85–94%) on a test dataset comprising 15% (350/2326) of the original images. The AUC of the ROC curve is 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97).
Conclusion
We provide deep learning models, trained and evaluated on CXRs that can assist medical efforts and reduce medical staff workload in handling COVID-19.
Key Points
• A machine learning model was able to detect chest X-ray (CXR) images of patients tested positive for COVID-19 with accuracy and detection rate above 90%.
• A tool was created for finding existing CXR images with imaging characteristics most similar to a given CXR, according to the model’s image embeddings. © European Society of Radiology 2021 Show more
Publication status
publishedExternal links
Journal / series
European RadiologyVolume
Pages / Article No.
Publisher
SpringerSubject
COVID-19; X-rays; Machine learning; Radiography; ThoracicMore
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Citations
Cited 14 times in
Web of Science
Cited 22 times in
Scopus
ETH Bibliography
yes
Altmetrics