Processes of Peripheralisation: Toehold and Aspirational Urbanisation in the GCR

Abstract

This article interrogates the term "periphery" by examining the forms of urbanisation unfolding in the Gauteng City-Region (GCR) of South Africa. Among the urbanisation processes identified, it focuses on two, situating them among debates on informality and defining new vocabularies of urbanisation. Aligned with discussions of peripherality as a social phenomenon, the article first depicts how some marginalised groups of people using transversal means carve out "toeholds" near urban centralities and opportunities. Second, it conveys how peripherality is also a geographical phenomenon, describing "aspirational" mass housing for the lower-middle class on urban peripheries that can generate unexpected forms of precarity. The article concludes that toehold urbanisation and aspirational urbanisation drive peripheralisation in the GCR, and considers the implications of these concepts for critical geography and urban studies.