Intelligent Systems and Smart Devices for the Continuous Monitoring of Cardiac Hemodynamics

Abstract

Treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease is demanding. Continuous monitoring of the patient’s hemodynamics supports timely decision-making and effective intervention. Clinically, pressure, volume, and flow are either measured intermittently or continuously based on invasive recordings, thus limiting patient mobility. New technologies, such as implantable or integrated sensor systems, pave the way to continuous patient monitoring even in remote settings. Based on sensor readings, we can achieve telemetric readouts for longer-term patient surveillance or control of medical devices in an automatic way. We show herein how we can transition from clinical measurement methods to stand-alone telemetric systems and smart medical devices. In the future, data recorded by these devices will be useful to derive stiffness and contractility of the cardiovascular system’s compartments and, additionally, will foster advanced analytics and machine learning techniques enabling further physiologic insights.