Exploring the potential of equilibrium-based methods in additive manufacturing: the Digital Bamboo pavilion

Abstract

Additive manufacturing allows using naturally grown structural elements in combination with 3D printed components, aiming to foster a more sustainable building culture. However, from a structural perspective, the combined use of natural and artificial materials introduces new uncertainties and challenges in relation to the design and analysis of the global load-bearing behavior of structures, as well as their connection systems. In this context, equilibrium-based methods derived from the lower bound theorem of the theory of plasticity are particularly effective since they are not restricted to a specific structural typology, material, or scale. This paper illustrates the application of equilibrium-based methods such as strut-and-tie modeling and graphic statics to the structural design and analysis of a full- scale demonstrator, the Digital Bamboo pavilion. The load-bearing system of the pavilion is a bamboo space frame reinforced by post-tensioned cables. The bamboo elements are connected via bespoke 3D printed nylon and steel connections. Thanks to the combination of natural and artificial materials, the Digital Bamboo exhibits a filigree high-performance geometry that goes beyond the ordinary space frame architecture.