Sizing, Cost, and Emissions of Vehicle to Grid Coupled PV at District Scale

Abstract

This thesis investigates the potential of PV and V2G coupling for the city of Singapore. Using Singapore’s 55 planning areas as spatial unit an optimization model is developed to determine economically optimal PV scaling and charge/discharge strategies. Mobility flows between planning areas are assessed using a large set of mobile phone records, and local electricity demand and solar potentials are modeled using a bottomup approach based on building geometries and land use information. Assumptions made during modeling are systematically tested through extensive scenario analysis. The study finds significant economic and environmental potential for PV systems. Economic benefits of V2G are strongly scenario dependent and generally limited. Further, under cost optimal charging schemes V2G can increase overall consumption and lead to an increase in energy related emissions.