Ancient Buddhist Metal Statues Using Neutron Tomography

Abstract

In this chapter, the noninvasive investigation of metallic Buddhist objects (mainly Buddha sculptures and stupas) with the aim to understand their consecrated fillings, mostly organic materials and substances, done several hundred years ago, is reported. It is the advantage of neutrons to penetrate dense metal layers - as bronze or brass - and to provide a high contrast to lighter elements (H, C, O, etc.). These specific characteristics of neutron beams - in contrast to X-rays, which are mostly unsuitable for these objects - can be used in radiography and tomography modes to see and to identify the contents in the examined sealed objects. After a short description of the used methods and facilities, we focus on the results of studies of objects from five collections within Switzerland. As a generic method, neutron imaging can similarly be used at other places where suitable installations for neutron imaging are available - with objects from the particular region.