Spatiotemporal Variations of PM₂.₅ Concentration and Its Heterogeneous Relationship with Natural and Humanity Factors in Handan of China

Abstract

The problem of PM₂.₅ air pollution is increasingly severe in China due to rapid urbanization, especially in developing villages. However, the vast majority of existing research on PM₂.₅ is limited to the provincial or municipal scales and fails to consider regional heterogeneity. This study employs a spatial panel regression model to investigate the spatial spillover effects of township level PM₂.₅. Using Handan, China as a case study, the study examines the effects of various human and natural factors on PM₂.₅ for each sub-unit to discover spatiotemporal interactions. The findings indicate that the PM₂.₅ concentration is significantly influenced by mixed factors and exhibits positive spillover characteristics. In addition, waterfront landscape belts and large-scale ecological parks in central areas may help reduce PM₂.₅ concentration.