Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) are typically estimated for sub-regions in cities, where the zoning conventionally follows the directive of homogeneity in the road network and traffic. Existing network partitioning algorithms fail to work for MFD estimation with stationary sensor data as their link speed and link density measurement are biased by the location of the sensor. However, in this paper, we present an approach for ...

The rationale of road-pricing schemes is to reduce the negative externalities of road traffic by increasing costs to decrease demand. Although in the transportation literature this is a well-acknowledged means of relieving cities from congestion, only few cities have introduced such schemes so far. One of the most notable examples in Europe is London’s congestion charge. Motorists entering London’s city center are required to pay a fixed ...