Do individuals care about fairness in burden sharing for climate change mitigation? Evidence from a lab experiment

Open access
Author
Date
2014-03Type
- Journal Article
Abstract
One of the reasons for deadlock in global climate policy is countries’ disagreement on how to share the mitigation burden. Normative theory suggests various fairness criteria for structuring burden sharing, most prominently, historical responsibility for emissions, economic capacity, and vulnerability to climate change. Governments have taken up these criteria in their rhetoric at UNFCCC negotiations. I examine whether normative criteria influence individual burden sharing preferences. This bottom-up perspective is important for two reasons. First, it is unknown if governments’ fairness rhetoric matches citizens’ actual preferences. Second, international climate agreements directly affect individuals through domestic policy measures (e.g. energy taxes), and therefore require domestic public support for successful implementation. I conducted two laboratory experiments where participants have to agree on how to share climate change mitigation costs in an ultimatum game. Treatment conditions include differences between proposer and responder in capacity, vulnerability (experiment 1), and historical emissions (experiment 2). Historical emissions are endogenously determined in a prior game. Capacity inequality strongly affects burden sharing, with richer players ending up paying more, and poorer players less. Vulnerability differences reduce the influence of fairness, leading to suggested cost distributions more unfavorable to vulnerable players. However, vulnerable responders still reject many “unfair” offers. Differences in historical responsibility result in cost distributions strongly correlated with players’ relative contributions to climate change. The results suggest that more nuanced consideration of fairness criteria in burden sharing could make ambitious climate agreements more acceptable for reluctant countries and their citizens. Show more
Permanent link
https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000080948Publication status
publishedExternal links
Journal / series
Climatic ChangeVolume
Pages / Article No.
Publisher
SpringerOrganisational unit
03446 - Bernauer, Thomas / Bernauer, Thomas
Funding
295456 - Sources of Legitimacy in Global Environmental Governance (EC)
Notes
It was possible to publish this article open access thanks to a Swiss National Licence with the publisher.More
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