Internal climate variability modulates decadal changes in ocean anthropogenic carbon storage
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Date
2025-01
Publication Type
Journal Article
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Abstract
The ocean removes man-made (anthropogenic) carbon from the atmosphere and thereby mitigates climate change. Observations from global hydrographic surveys reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of the ocean inventory of anthropogenic carbon and suggest substantial decadal variability in historical storage rates. Here, we use a 100-member ensemble of an Earth system model to investigate the influence of external forcing and internal climate variability on historical changes in ocean anthropogenic carbon storage over 1994 to 2014. Our findings reveal that the externally forced, decadal changes in storage are largest in the Atlantic (2-4 mmol m-3 decade-1) and positive nearly everywhere. Internal climate variability modulates regional ocean anthropogenic carbon storage trends by up to 10 mmol m-3 decade-1. The influence of internal climate variability on decadal storage changes is most prominent at depths of similar to 300 m and at the edges of the subtropical gyres. Internal variability in anthropogenic carbon in the extratropics has high spectral power on decadal to multi-decadal timescales, indicating that the approximately decadal repetitions of hydrographic surveys may produce storage change estimates that are heavily influenced by internal climate variability.
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published
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Journal / series
Volume
20 (1)
Pages / Article No.
14070
Publisher
IOP Publishing
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Subject
ocean anthropogenic carbon storage; ocean biogeochemistry; CESM2 large ensemble; marine carbon cycle; ocean modeling; internal climate variability; Earth system modeling