Between- and within-country distributional impacts from harmonizing carbon prices in the EU


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Date

2021-11

Publication Type

Journal Article

ETH Bibliography

yes

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Abstract

This paper examines the distributional impacts from (i) harmonizing prices for carbon dioxide emissions across sectors and EU countries and (ii) using alternative rules for carbon revenue distribution. We develop a numerical multi-country multi-sector general equilibrium model of the EU-27 economy which resolves household income deciles, based on micro-survey data on expenditure and income, and markets for fossil fuels, electricity, and (EU-wide and national) tradeable emissions rights. We find that carbon price harmonization yields efficiency gains at the EU level. The distributional effects between countries vary and depend largely on the redistribution of carbon revenues. Based on the rules currently in place in Phase IV of the EU ETS, efficiency gains flow disproportionately to low-income countries. Within-country incidence is progressive or neutral for most countries when revenue redistribution is ignored, and is not much affected by carbon price harmonization. Per-capita-based revenue redistribution rules lead to strong progressive outcomes and yield gains for low-income households. Evaluating different policy options using a social welfare function that incorporates inequality aversion suggests that there is no trade-off between efficiency and equity in harmonizing carbon prices in the EU economy.

Publication status

published

Editor

Book title

Journal / series

Energy Economics

Volume

103

Pages / Article No.

105585

Publisher

Elsevier

Event

Edition / version

Methods

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Date collected

Date created

Subject

Carbon pricing; Carbon market integration; EU climate policy; Distributional impacts; Cost effectiveness; Computable general equilibrium; Household heterogeneity

Organisational unit

03539 - Filippini, Massimo / Filippini, Massimo check_circle
03981 - Rausch, Sebastian (ehemalig) / Rausch, Sebastian (former)

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