Structure and Mechanism of Human ABC Transporters


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Date

2023-05

Publication Type

Review Article

ETH Bibliography

yes

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Abstract

ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for membrane transporters, of which several are involved in drug resistance and disease pathways resulting from transporter dysfunction. Over the last decade, advances in structural biology have vastly expanded our mechanistic understanding of human ABC transporter function, revealing details of their molecular arrangement, regulation, and interactions, facilitated in large part by advances in cryo-EM that have rendered hitherto inaccessible targets amenable to high-resolution structural analysis. As a result, experimentally determined structures of multiple members of each of the five families of ABC transporters in humans are now available. Here we review this recent progress, highlighting the physiological relevance of human ABC transporters and mechanistic insights gleaned from their direct structure determination. We also discuss the impact and limitations of model systems and structure prediction methods in understanding human ABC transporters and discuss current challenges and future research directions.

Publication status

published

Editor

Book title

Volume

52

Pages / Article No.

275 - 300

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Event

Edition / version

Methods

Software

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Date created

Subject

ATP-binding cassette transporter; membrane protein; human disease; drug extrusion; lipid homeostasis; cryo-EM

Organisational unit

Notes

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