David Johann

Last Name

Johann

First Name

David

ORCID

0000-0002-8970-9686

Organisational unit

08541 - Research Support and Acq. ETH-Bibliothek / Research Support and Acq. ETH Library

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Publications 1 - 10 of 11

The impact of researchers' perceived pressure on their publication strategies
Johann, David; Neufeld, Jörg; Thomas, Kathrin; et al. (2024)
Research Evaluation
This article investigates researchers' publication strategies and how their perceived pressure to publish and to obtain external funding are related to these strategies. The analyses rely on data from the Zurich Survey of Academics (ZSoA), an online survey representative of academics working at higher education institutions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The results suggest that academics pursue both instrumental and normative publication strategies. The main finding is that academics who perceive high pressure to publish tend to employ instrumental publication strategies rather than normative ones: they are more likely to focus on the journal's reputation and the speed of publication when selecting an outlet for peer review. Publishing results in open-access outlets or in native languages other than English is less important for those under pressure. However, the extent to which researchers' perceived pressure affects publication strategies also depends on other factors, such as the discrepancy between the time available for research and the time actually desired for research.
Mapping mental models of science communication: How academics in Germany, Austria and Switzerland understand and practice science communication
Kessler, Sabrina Heike; Schäfer, Mike S.; Johann, David; et al. (2022)
Public Understanding of Science
The mental models that individual scholars have of science communication - how it works, what it is supposed to achieve and so on - shape the way these academics actually communicate to the public. But these mental models, and their prevalence among scholars, have rarely been analysed. Drawing on a large-scale, representative web survey of academics at universities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (n = 15,778) from 2020, we identify three mental models that are prevalent among scholars, and that correspond to conceptual models found in science communication theory: 'Public Understanding of Science', 'Public Engagement with Science' and 'Strategic Science Communication'. The results suggest that the 'Strategic Science Communication' model is particularly prevalent among academics in precarious employment and female scholars. Extrinsically motivated academics, that is, those under pressure to win grants, also seem to use science communication more strategically. The 'Public Engagement' model is prevalent among older and female scholars, while 'Public Understanding' is particularly prevalent among scholars who find their work especially meaningful. Findings also reveal that academics' mental models largely align with the way they practice science communication.
Swiss Year of Scientometrics SYoS: Final project report
Johann, David (2025)
SYoS & TOBI
Johann, David; Guignard, Annette; Willemin, Simon (2024)
Qualität in der Wissenschaft
Unlike other countries, Switzerland lacks a network in which members of HEIs with Scientometric expertise work together. In addition, it does not have a curated and comprehensive database of bibliometric data available to Swiss universities. ETH Zurich has launched two projects (SYoS and TOBI) to promote the implementation of a scientometric infrastructure for Switzerland. This article presents the objectives and approaches of both projects along with a discussion of some initial results.
Substance Use–Related Alterations of Social Decision Making in a Longitudinal Cohort of Young Adults
Ehlert, Alexander; Zimmermann, Josua; Johann, David; et al. (2024)
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
Background: Substance use disorders are associated with severe negative social and health-related outcomes. Evidence has accumulated that long-term substance use is associated with alterations in social interaction behavior, which likely contributes to the vicious cycle of substance use disorder. However, little is known about whether these social problems originate from contextual factors only or also from the substance use itself—in other words, if they are predisposed or substance induced. Methods: We studied the causation behind behavioral alterations of substance users over a 9-year period (ages 11–20 years) in an urban age cohort (N = 1002) with a high prevalence of substance use at age 20. We identified common substance use patterns using toxicological hair analysis, examined behavioral alterations with incentivized games, and used teacher assessments across different ages to determine the causes and effects that underlie substance use–related impairments in social interaction. Results: We found that opioid and stimulant users showed reduced prosocial behavior compared with nonusers, particularly in interpersonal trust and perspective taking (e.g., they were approximately 50% less likely to trust others). Our longitudinal analyses suggest a causal relationship between the nonmedical use of prescription opioids and impaired social behavior, whereas impairments among stimulant users seem to be partially predisposed. Moreover, women tended to be more severely affected by opioid use than men. However, no behavioral alterations were found among young adult cannabis or ecstasy users. Conclusions: Highly addictive substances such as opioids can impair users’ social behavior by undermining fundamental human interaction, thereby fueling a vicious cycle of substance use and social isolation.
Perceptions of Scientific Authorship Revisited: Country Differences and the Impact of Perceived Publication Pressure
Johann, David (2022)
Science and Engineering Ethics
Relying on data collected by the Zurich Survey of Academics (ZSoA), a unique representative online survey among academics in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (DACH region), this paper replicates Johann and Mayer's (Minerva 57(2):175-196, 2019) analysis of researchers' perceptions of scientific authorship and expands their scope. The primary goals of the study at hand are to learn more about (a) country differences in perceptions of scientific authorship, as well as (b) the influence of perceived publication pressure on authorship perceptions. The results indicate that academics in Switzerland interpret scientific authorship more leniently than their colleagues in Germany and Austria. The findings further indicate that, as perceived pressure to publish increases, researchers are more likely to belong to a group of academics who hold the view that any type of contribution/task justifies co-authorship, including even those contributions/tasks that do not justify co-authorship according to most authorship guidelines. In summary, the present study suggests that action is required to harmonize regulations for scientific authorship and to improve the research culture.
Die Bedeutung internationaler wissenschaftlicher Kollaborationen für Schweizer Forschungsinstitutionen im Vergleich
Dederke, Julian; Johann, David; Kubacka, Teresa; et al. (2023)
Qualität in der Wissenschaft
International collaborations between research groups are considered to be beneficial for many reasons. Similar to scholars in Great Britain, researchers in Switzerland have recently lost unlimited access to EU funding programmes like Horizon Europe. This may negatively impact the number of collaborations as well as the scientific competitiveness of research institutions/universities in these countries. We investigate the development of international collaborations in scientific publications by researchers working at Swiss institutions since 2010 using the scientific research database Dimensions. The article also compares Switzerland with Great Britain, Germany, and Austria. Our results document the increasing importance of collaborations with EU27 countries. The results further imply that EU collaborations cannot easily be replaced by cooperation with institutions in other countries such as the US or China.
Under pressure: The extent and distribution of perceived pressure among scientists in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland
Johann, David; Raabe, Isabel J.; Rauhut, Heiko (2022)
Research Evaluation
While it has been stressed repeatedly that academics nowadays have come to face extensive pressure, the extent and distribution of pressure to publish and to secure third-party funding has not been systematically investigated on a large scale. Based on the Zurich Survey of Academics, a representative large-scale web survey among academics working at universities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (DACH region), which measures perceived pressure using six-point Likert scales, this article examines the extent and distribution of pressure to publish and to attract external funding. Specifically, we examine differences in perceived pressure across countries, disciplines, types of higher education institutions, sociodemographic characteristics (academic status, age, gender, relationship status, number of children), and working conditions (non-tenured/tenured, time available for research). It is shown that researchers in the DACH region feel a high level of pressure, with the pressure to publish being slightly greater than the pressure to attract external funding. The results also suggest that perceived pressure is not evenly distributed among countries and groups of academics. Specifically, the results suggest that (1) more secure and permanent (tenured) positions should be created and (2) the high-performance culture should be addressed in at least some disciplines if excessive pressure is to be alleviated. The findings also suggest that further investments should be made (3) to promote equal career opportunities for women and men and (4) to ensure that scientists have sufficient time for their research and are not too occupied with other responsibilities, such as teaching or administrative duties.
Der Data Citation Index von Clarivate: Eine wertvolle Ressource für die Forschung und für Bibliotheken?
Dederke, Julian; Hirschmann, Barbara; Johann, David (2022)
B.I.T. online
Der Beitrag stellt den Data Citation Index von Clarivate vor und fragt danach, ob er eine wertvolle Ressource für die Forschung und für Bibliotheken darstellt. Im Beitrag wird nicht nur auf die Abdeckung von Forschungsdaten im Data Citation Index sowie die Auswahlkriterien und den Indexierungsprozess eingegangen, sondern auch auf Filterfunktionen und externe Verlinkungen. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Data Citation Index für Forschende wie Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare eine wertvolle Ressource darstellen kann, weil er Daten vieler verschiedener Disziplinen und Länder abdeckt und er es erleichtert, relevante Forschungsdaten und mit ihnen verbundene Literatur zu finden.
Linking the Web of Science and Scopus to a Publication Repository
Tunger, Dirk; Suri, Roland Erwin; la Roi, Andreas; et al. (2021)
18th International Conference on Scientometrics & Informetrics (ISSI 2021). Proceedings

Publications 1 - 10 of 11

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