Journal: Resilient Cities and Structures

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Elsevier

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2022 - 20243
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Publications 1 - 3 of 3
  • Data for critical infrastructure network modelling of natural hazard impacts: Needs and influence on model characteristics
    Item type: Journal Article
    Schotten, Roman; Mühlhofer, Evelyn; Chatzistefanou, Georgios-Alexandros; et al. (2024)
    Resilient Cities and Structures
    Natural hazards impact interdependent infrastructure networks that keep modern society functional. While a variety of modelling approaches are available to represent critical infrastructure networks (CINs) on different scales and analyse the impacts of natural hazards, a recurring challenge for all modelling approaches is the availability and accessibility of sufficiently high-quality input and validation data. The resulting data gaps often require modellers to assume specific technical parameters, functional relationships, and system behaviours. In other cases, expert knowledge from one sector is extrapolated to other sectoral structures or even cross-sectorally applied to fill data gaps. The uncertainties introduced by these assumptions and extrapolations and their influence on the quality of modelling outcomes are often poorly understood and difficult to capture, thereby eroding the reliability of these models to guide resilience enhancements. Additionally, ways of overcoming the data availability challenges in CIN modelling, with respect to each modelling purpose, remain an open question. To address these challenges, a generic modelling workflow is derived from existing modelling approaches to examine model definition and validations, as well as the six CIN modelling stages, including mapping of infrastructure assets, quantification of dependencies, assessment of natural hazard impacts, response & recovery, quantification of CI services, and adaptation measures. The data requirements of each stage were systematically defined, and the literature on potential sources was reviewed to enhance data collection and raise awareness of potential pitfalls. The application of the derived workflow funnels into a framework to assess data availability challenges. This is shown through three case studies, taking into account their different modelling purposes: hazard hotspot assessments, hazard risk management, and sectoral adaptation. Based on the three model purpose types provided, a framework is suggested to explore the implications of data scarcity for certain data types, as well as their reasons and consequences for CIN model reliability. Finally, a discussion on overcoming the challenges of data scarcity is presented.
  • A demand-supply framework for evaluating the effect of resource and service constraints on community disaster resilience
    Item type: Journal Article
    Blagojević, Nikola; Stojadinovic, Bozidar (2022)
    Resilient Cities and Structures
    Tools that quantify community disaster resilience are essential for informed decision-making on community disaster resilience improvement measures. One of the major research gaps in quantifying community disaster resilience are community disaster recovery simulations. Such simulations enable an insight into factors that enable a rapid and efficient community disaster recovery and vice versa. The iRe-CoDeS framework presented in this paper, simulates community disaster recovery as a time-stepping loop, where at each time step the interplay of demand and supply of community components for various resources and services dictates components’ ability to operate and recover. Disaster resilience of a community is then quantified using a multi-dimensional metric, where each dimension represents the unmet demand of a community regarding a certain resource or a service, labelled Lack of Resilience (LoR). This paper presents how such a demand/supply approach can be applied to account for resource and service constraints, impeding factors, that prolong component recovery and thus decrease community disaster resilience. Housing resilience of North–East San Francisco exposed to a Mw7.2 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault is quantified to illustrate the proposed approach. rWhale application framework recently developed at the NHERI SimCenter is used for this purpose, presenting how such a regional simulation on the effect of natural disasters on communities can be extended using the iRe-CoDeS framework to simulate community disaster recovery and quantify community disaster resilience. It is shown that housing resilience quantification results obtained in the case study focused on a part of San Francisco are in accordance with the existing estimates of housing resilience. The evolution of the post-disaster community-level supply and demand for recovery resources and services is obtained, identifying how and when the unmet demand for these resources and services impedes community recovery. Lastly, the effect of community’s ability to mobilize resources and services needed for its recovery on its disaster resilience is investigated.
  • Designing resilient and economically viable water distribution systems: A Multi-dimensional approach
    Item type: Journal Article
    Cassottana, Beatrice; Balakrishnan, Srijith; Aydin, Nazli Yonca; et al. (2023)
    Resilient Cities and Structures
    Enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure systems requires substantial investment and entails trade-offs between environmental and economic benefits. To this aim, we propose a methodological framework that combines resilience and economic analyses and assesses the economic viability of alternative resilience designs for a Water Distribution System (WDS) and its interdependent power and transportation systems. Flow-based network models simulate the interdependent infrastructure systems and Global Resilience Analysis (GRA) quantifies three resilience metrics under various disruption scenarios. The economic analysis monetizes the three metrics and compares two resilience strategies involving the installation of remotely controlled shutoff valves. Using the Micropolis synthetic interdependent water-transportation network as an example, we demonstrate how our framework can guide infrastructure stakeholders and utility operators in measuring the value of resilience investments. Overall, our approach highlights the importance of economic analysis in designing resilient infrastructure systems.
Publications 1 - 3 of 3