Genome homeostasis defects drive enlarged cells into senescence
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Date
2023-11-16
Publication Type
Journal Article
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yes
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Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to an irreversible state of cell-cycle arrest and plays important roles in aging and cancer biology. Because senescence is associated with increased cell size, we used reversible cell-cycle arrests combined with growth rate modulation to study how excessive growth affects proliferation. We find that enlarged cells upregulate p21, which limits cell-cycle progression. Cells that re-enter the cell cycle encounter replication stress that is well tolerated in physiologically sized cells but causes severe DNA damage in enlarged cells, ultimately resulting in mitotic failure and permanent cell-cycle withdrawal. We demonstrate that enlarged cells fail to recruit 53BP1 and other non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) machinery to DNA damage sites and fail to robustly initiate DNA damage-dependent p53 signaling, rendering them highly sensitive to genotoxic stress. We propose that an impaired DNA damage response primes enlarged cells for persistent replication-acquired damage, ultimately leading to cell division failure and permanent cell-cycle exit.
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published
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Journal / series
Volume
83 (22)
Pages / Article No.
4032 - 4046000000
Publisher
Cell Press
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Edition / version
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Software
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Date created
Subject
DNA damage; cell size; cell growth; cell cycle; senescence
Organisational unit
09713 - Neurohr, Gabriel / Neurohr, Gabriel
Notes
Funding
187003 - The impact of cell size on cell function in physiology and aging (SNF)