Generalized Brillouin zone for non-reciprocal systems


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Date

2025-03

Publication Type

Journal Article

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yes

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Abstract

Non-reciprocal physical systems, such as waveguides with imaginary gauge potentials or mass-spring chains with active elements, present new mathematical challenges beyond those of ordinary Hermitian structures. In a phenomenon known as the non-Hermitian skin effect, eigenmodes condensate at one edge of the structure and decay exponentially in space. Traditional Floquet-Bloch theory, relying on real-valued quasi-periodicities, fails to capture this decay and thus gives incomplete predictions of spectral behaviour. In this paper, we develop a rigorous theory to address this shortcoming. By extending the Brillouin zone into the complex plane, we introduce the notion of generalized Brillouin zone. We show that this complex formulation reflects the unidirectional decay inherent in non-reciprocal systems and provides an accurate framework for spectral analysis. Our main results are proven in the general context of k-Toeplitz matrices and operators, which model a wide variety of both finite and semi-infinite or infinite non-Hermitian periodic structures. We demonstrate that our generalized Floquet-Bloch formalism correctly identifies spectra and restores spectral convergences for large finite lattices.

Publication status

published

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Volume

481 (2310)

Pages / Article No.

20240643

Publisher

Royal Society

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Subject

generalized Brillouin zone; non-reciprocal systems; non-Hermitian skin effect; Toeplitz matrices and operators; Laurent operators; spectral convergence

Organisational unit

09504 - Ammari, Habib / Ammari, Habib check_circle

Notes

Funding

200307 - Mathematics of dielectric artificial media (SNF)

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